Water and Sacred Architecture

This edited book examines architectural representations that tie water, as a physical and symbolic property, with the sacred. The discussion centers on two levels of this relationship: how water influenced the sacredness of buildings across history and different religions; and how sacred architecture expressed the spiritual meaning of water. The volume deliberately offers original material on various unique contextual and design aspects of water and sacred architecture, rather than an attempt to produce a historic chronological analysis on the topic or focusing on a specific geographical region. As such, this unique volume adds a new dimension to the study of sacred architecture. The book’s chapters are compiled by a stellar group of scholars and practitioners from the US, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Africa. It addresses major aspects of water in religious buildings, such as, rituals, pilgrimage, water as a cultural material and place-making, hydro systems, modern practices, environmental considerations, the contribution of water to transforming secular into sacred, and future digital/cyber context of water and sacredness. All chapters are based on original archival studies, historical documents, and field visits to the sites and buildings. These examinations show water as an expression of architectural design, its materiality, and its spiritual values. The book will be of interest to architects, historians, environmentalists, archaeologists, religious scholars, and preservationists.

Introduction: Water and Sacred Architecture Anat Geva PART I: Rituals 1. Beyond Baptism: Incorporating Water as a Primary Symbol in Contemporary Roman Catholic Church Architecture Roberto Chiotti 2. Water and Ritual Wudu (Ablutions) in Canadian Mosques Tammy Gaber 3. Chattri and Kund: The Architecture of Kusum Sarovar, Govardhan, India Amita Sinha 4. Sacred Water Architecture for Every Jew: Rabbi David Miller and DIY Mikvah in Charleston, South Carolina Barry L. Stiefel PART II: Water as Material Culture and Place Making 5. Architecture, Water, and the Sacred in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace, Greece Andrew Farinholt Ward, Jessica Paga, and Bonna Wescoat 6. Roman Waterscapes, Architecture, and Religion: Notions of Sacrality and Sensory Experience Dylan K. Rogers 7. Purifying the Stupa: Symbolism of the Lotus Flower in Buddhist Architecture Di LuoandGerald Kozicz 8. The Sacredness of Water and Place: African and Diasporic Religious Cultural Encounters Peter F. Adebayo, Christopher S. Hunter, and Oluwafunminiyi Raheem PART III: Environmental Impact 9. The "Sacred" Architecture of Anupam Mishra's Water-Culture Ricki Levi 10. Sacredness in the Presence and Absence of Water: The Case of Stepwells in Ahmedabad, India Priyanka Sheth 11. Tethering Buddhism to Climate Change: Lessons from the Ladakhi Ice Stupa Carey Clouse PART IV: Water Systems 12. Hymn to the Waters: Anahita in Ancient Persian Architecture Stephen Caffey 13. Tower and Temple: Re-sacralizing Water Infrastructure at Balkrishna Doshi’s GSFC Township Daniel Williamson 14. Geothermal Systems and Religious Ethics: Frank Lloyd Wright’s Unity Temple, and First Unitarian Society of Madison Joseph M. Siry PART V: Modern Practice 15. Sacredness and Water in Contemporary Japanese Architecture: A Reinterpretation of Ancient Traditions Galia Dor 16. Baptistries in Marcel Breuer and Associates’ American Catholic Sacred Spaces Victoria Young 17. Strength in Weakness – Daoist Waters and the Architecture of the Xinjin Zhi Museum Ariel Genadt Epilogue: The Expression of Water in Virtual Sacred Architecture: The Case of a Virtual Baptism Nesrine Mansour

Anat Geva, PhD, a registered architect in Israel and Associate Member of the AIA, is Professor Emerita of Architecture in Texas A&M University, and the College of Architecture Outstanding Alumni. She taught design; history/design of sacred architecture; history of building technology; and historic preservation. She published many articles and three books: Frank Lloyd Wright Sacred Architecture: Faith, Form, and Building Technology (Routledge, 2012); Modernism and American Mid-20th Century Sacred Architecture (Routledge, 2019); and Israel Architecture as an Experimental Lab for Modern Architecture: 1948-1978: with Inbal Ben-Asher Gitler (Intellect Books, 2020). Geva's forthcoming book The Architecture of Modern American Synagogues (1950s-1960s) is currently in press (Texas A&M University Press). She also has an extensive record of editorial work: being a co-editor of Arris, and founder and co-editor of Preservation Education & Research. She is a recipient of several awards and research grants including the prestigious James Marston Fitch National Award for innovative research in historic preservation.