Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Ponds (lagoons) have been used for centuries with great success in the treatment of wastewater. Ponds created for treatment, known as stabilization ponds, model the physical and biochemical interactions that occur in natural ponds. Easy to build and manage, stabilization ponds can accommodate large fluctuations in flow, and provide results that are comparable to conventional systems at a much lower cost. Wastewater Stabilization Ponds examines the use of this natural and highly effective process. The text is centered on wastewater pond management processes and operation procedures that provide passive treatment with a minimum of energy-driven mechanical elements. It highlights the environmental principles, practices, engineering, and mathematics involved in the design and operation of conventional wastewater stabilization ponds. It also explores the major processes, procedures, and design methods relevant to wastewater treatment ponds. This includes the basic processes, in-pond design evolution and enhancements, oxygen addition, and modifications that require energy, nutrient removal, as well as effluent total suspended solids removal. Emphasizing the design, construction, and operation of wastewater ponds, the book serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking information on pond construction and operation, knowledge of pond operation, and assistance in certification exam preparation and study. Presents a design of wastewater stabilization ponds Includes a complete description of pond process elements Provides descriptions of pond insect macroinvertebrates Incorporates pond morphometry calculations Contains extensive pond-related math problems Sustainability and energy conservation are underlying themes throughout the text and the authors offer valuable information on potential renewable energy sources.

Introduction Setting The Stage Still Waters on Ponds References and Recommended Reading Pond Process Elements Microorganisms Microbiology: What is it? Wastewater Microorganisms Key Terms Bacteria Algae Invertebrates Pond Macroinvertebrates References and Recommended Reading Biochemistry in a Wastewater Stabilization Pond Photosynthesis Respiration Nitrogen Cycle Dissolved Oxygen (DO) pH and Alkalinity Physical Factors Pond Nutritional Requirements References and Recommended Reading Pond Math Parameters Introduction Metric System, Conversion Factors and SI Units Conversion Factors General Treatment Pond Parameters Treatment Pond Process Control Calculations Aerated Ponds Still Water System Calculations Wastewater Stabilization Pond Design Example Problems References and Recommended Reading Design of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Introduction Anaerobic Ponds Facultative Ponds Aerated Pond Systems References and Recommended Reading Pond Construction Introduction Dike Construction Pond Sealing Pond Hydraulics Pond Recirculation and Configuration References and Recommended Reading Advanced Pond Design Introduction Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems® (AIWPS®) References and Recommended Reading Nutrient Removal Introduction Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment Ponds Facultative Ponds Aerobic Ponds Commercial Products Removal of Phosphorus References and Recommended Reading Improving Pond Effluent Introduction Solids Removal Methods Operational Modifications and Additions Control of Algae and Design of Settling Basins Comparison of Various Design Procedures Operational Modifications to Facultative Ponds Performance Comparison with Other Removal Methods References and Recommended Reading Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting Introduction Control Testing Information Operation and Maintenance for Ponds Pond Safety Troubleshooting References and Recommended Reading Glossary Index

Frank R. Spellman, PhD, is a retired U.S. Navy officer with 26 years of active duty, a retired environmental safety and health manager for a large wastewater sanitation district in Virginia, and a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. The author/co-author of 92 books, Dr. Spellman consults on environmental matters with the U.S. Department of Justice and various law firms and environmental entities throughout the globe. Spellman holds a BA in public administration, a BS in business management, and an MBA and MS/PhD in environmental engineering. Joanne E. Drinan is a retired U.S. Navy chief petty officer with 20 years of active duty. She worked for 13 years as an administrative coordinator for a large wastewater treatment sanitation district in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Currently, Drinan works for a nonprofit organization in Oneonta, New York. She is the author/co-author of more than 12 environmental science books. She holds a BS in business administration from St. Leo University.