Volcanoes Global Perspectives

Volcanoes are essential elements in the delicate global balance of elemental forces that govern both the dynamic evolution of the Earth and the nature of Life itself. Without volcanic activity, life as we know it would not exist on our planet. Although beautiful to behold, volcanoes are also potentially destructive, and understanding their nature is critical to prevent major loss of life in the future.

Richly illustrated with over 300 original color photographs and diagrams the book is written in an informal manner, with minimum use of jargon, and relies heavily on first-person, eye-witness accounts of eruptive activity at both "red" (effusive) and "grey" (explosive) volcanoes to illustrate the full spectrum of volcanic processes and their products. Decades of teaching in university classrooms and fieldwork on active volcanoes throughout the world have provided the authors with unique experiences that they have distilled into a highly readable textbook of lasting value. Questions for Thought, Study, and Discussion, Suggestions for Further Reading, and a comprehensive list of source references make this work a major resource for further study of volcanology.

Volcanoes maintains three core foci:
* Global perspectives explain volcanoes in terms of their tectonic positions on Earth and their roles in earth history
* Environmental perspectives describe the essential role of volcanism in the moderation of terrestrial climate and atmosphere
* Humanitarian perspectives discuss the major influences of volcanoes on human societies. This latter is especially important as resource scarcities and environmental issues loom over our world, and as increasing numbers of people are threatened by volcanic hazards

Readership

Volcanologists, advanced undergraduate, and graduate students in earth science and related degree courses, and volcano enthusiasts worldwide.

A companion website is also available for this title at www.wiley.com/go/lockwood/volcanoes

Preface PART I - INTRODUCTION 1.  Eruptions, Jargon, and History A 'grey volcano' in eruption - Galunggung - 1982 A 'red volcano' in eruption - Kilauea - 1974 Some basic terminology History of volcanology Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART II - THE BIG PICTURE 2.  Global Perspectives - Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Birth of a theory Volcanoes along divergent plate boundaries Volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries Intraplate volcanoes Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 3. The Nature of Magma - Where Volcanoes Come From Origins of magma The physics and chemistry of melting Classification of magma and igneous rocks Principal magma types Magmatic and volcanic gases Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 4. The Physical Properties of Magma and Why it Erupts Magma temperatures Magma rheology Magma ascent and emplacement 'Frozen magma' - subvolcanic intrusives Triggers for volcanic eruptions - why volcanoes erupt; Repose intervals Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion  PART III - VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND THEIR PRODUCTS 5. Classifying Volcanic Eruptions Rittman diagrams Lacroix classification system Geze classification diagram Volcanic explosivity index VEI Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 6. Effusive Volcanic Eruptions and Their Products Surface textures - Pahoehoe and Effusive eruption types Pahoehoe surface structures Pahoehoe internal structures Aa surfaces and structures Block lavas Radiocarbon dating of prehistoric lava flows Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 7. An Overview of Explosive Eruptions and Their Products Ejecta classification Explosive eruption styles and their products Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 8. A Closer Look at Large-scale Explosive Eruptions Measuring the sizes of Plinian eruptions Plinian eruption dynamics Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) PDC flow regimes Phreatoplinian eruptions Precursors to Plinian eruptions Super-eruptions Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART IV - VOLCANIC LANDFORMS AND SETTINGS 9.Constructional (Positive)Volcanic Landforms Large igneous provinces Shield volcanoes Composite volcanoes Minor volcanic landforms Volcano old age and extinction Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion  10. Negative Volcanic Landforms - Craters and Calderas Small craters Calderas Subcaldera intrusions Post-caldera resurgence Volcano-tectonic depressions Caldera formation mechanisms Caldera roots - relationships to plutonic rocks Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion  11. Mass-wasting Processes and Products Landslides and avalanche Lahars and hyperconcentrated flows Lahar dynamics Lahar facies Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 12. Volcanoes Unseen and Far Away Submarine and subglacial volcanoes - the meeting of fire, water, and ice Extraterrestrial volcanoes Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion  PART V - HUMANISTIC VOLCANOLOGY 13. Volcanoes: Life, Climate, and Human History Volcanoes and the origin of life Volcanoes, atmosphere, and climate Volcanic influence on soil fertility and agriculture Volcanoes and human history Social impact of volcanic eruptions Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 14. Volcanic Hazards and Risk - Monitoring and Mitigation Hazards and risk Volcanic hazards Volcanic risk Volcanic crisis management Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion  15. Economic Volcanology Earth energy relationships Volcano energy Geothermal power Volcanoes and ore deposits Other useful volcanic materials Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion Epilogue: The Future of Volcanology References Index