VLSI Micro- and Nanophotonics Science, Technology, and Applications

Addressing the growing demand for larger capacity in information technology, VLSI Micro- and Nanophotonics: Science, Technology, and Applications explores issues of science and technology of micro/nano-scale photonics and integration for broad-scale and chip-scale Very Large Scale Integration photonics. This book is a game-changer in the sense that it is quite possibly the first to focus on "VLSI Photonics". Very little effort has been made to develop integration technologies for micro/nanoscale photonic devices and applications, so this reference is an important and necessary early-stage perspective on this field. New demand for VLSI photonics brings into play various technological and scientific issues, as well as evolutionary and revolutionary challenges—all of which are discussed in this book. These include topics such as miniaturization, interconnection, and integration of photonic devices at micron, submicron, and nanometer scales. With its "disruptive creativity" and unparalleled coverage of the photonics revolution in information technology, this book should greatly impact the future of micro/nano-photonics and IT as a whole. It offers a comprehensive overview of the science and engineering of micro/nanophotonics and photonic integration. Many books on micro/nanophotonics focus on understanding the properties of individual devices and their related characteristics. However, this book offers a full perspective from the point of view of integration, covering all aspects of benefits and advantages of VLSI-scale photonic integration—the key technical concept in developing a platform to make individual devices and components useful and practical for various applications.

PART I Introduction Introduction: A Preamble, E.-H. Lee PART II Scientific and Engineering Issues Optoelectronic VLSI, D.V. Plant and J.D. Schwartz Integrated Optical Waveguides for VLSI Applications, H. Schroder and E. Griese PART III Integrated Photonic Technologies: Microring Structures Silicon Microspheres for VLSI Photonics, A. Serpenguzel, Y. Ozan Yilmaz, Ulas, K. Ayaz, and A. Kurt Silicon Micro-Ring Resonator Structures: Characteristics and Applications, V.R. Almeida and R.R. Panepucci Nanophotonics with Microsphere Resonators, O. Benson, S. Gotzinger, A. Mazzei, G. Zumofen, V. Sandoghdar, and L. de S. Menezes PART IV Integrated Photonic Technologies: Photonic Crystals and Integrated Circuits Controlling Dispersion and Nonlinearities in Mesoscopic Silicon Photonic Crystals, C.W. Wong, X. Yang, J.F. McMillan, R. Chatterjee, and S. Kocaman Functional Devices in Photonic Crystals for Future Photonic Integrated Circuits, A. Shinya, T. Tanabe, E. Kuramochi, H. Taniyama, S. Kawanishi, and M. Notomi PART V Integrated Photonic Technologies: Plasmonics and Integration Surface Plasmon-Polariton Waveguides and Components, P. Berini PART VI Integrated Photonic Technologies: Quantum Devices and Integration Quantum Dot Lasers: Theory and Experiment, P.M. Smowton and P. Blood Quantum Dot Microcavity Lasers, T. Yang, A. Mock, and J. O’Brien Quantum Dot Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, S. Mokkapati, H.H. Tan, and C. Jagadish Infrared Physics of Quantum Dots, M. Razeghi and B. Movaghar III-Nitride Nanotechnology, M. Razeghi and R. McClintock PART VII Integrated Photonic Technologies: Planar Lightwave Circuits Microphotonic Devices and Circuits in Nanoengineered Polymers, L. Eldada Silicon Photonics Waveguides and Modulators, G.Z. Mashanovich, F.Y. Gardes, M.M. Milosevic, C.E. Png, and G.T. Reed Planar Waveguide Multiplexers/Demultiplexers in Optical Networks: From Improved Designs to Applications, S. He, J. Song, J.-J He, and D. Dai PART VIII Integrated Photonic Technologies: Optical-Printed Circuit Boards Optical Printed Circuit Board and VLSI Photonics, E.-H. Lee and H.-S. Lee PART IX Technologies for Emerging Applications: Renewable Energy Generation Nanostructured Copper Indium Gallium Selenide for Thin-Film Photovoltaics, L. Eldada High-Efficiency Intermediate Band Solar Cells Implemented with Quantum Dots, E. Antolin, A. Marti, and A. Luque PART X Technologies for Emerging Applications: Photonic DNA Computing Nanoscale Information Technology Based on Photonic DNA Computing, Y. Ogura and J. Tanida PART XI Technologies for Emerging Applications: Sensing Applications Evanescent Fiber Bragg Grating Biosensors, M. Dagenais and C.J. Stanford Nano-Injection Photon Detectors for Sensitive, Efficient Infrared Photon Detection and Counting, H. Mohseni and O.G. Memis Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors, L. Fu, T. Vandervelde, and S. Krishna Type-II InAs/GaSb Superlattice Photon Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays, M. Razeghi, B.-M. Nguyen, and P.-Y. Delaunay Index

Professor El-Hang Lee graduated from Seoul National University with a BSEE (summa cum laude) in 1970. He received his MS, MPhil, and Ph.D in applied physics from Yale University in 1973, 1975, and 1977, respectively, under the guidance of Professor John B. Fenn (Yale, Nobel Laureate, chemistry, 2002) and Professor Richard K. Chang (Henry Ford II Professor, former student of Professor N. Bloembergen, Harvard, Nobel Laureate, physics, 1981). Professor Lee subsequently conducted teaching, research, and management in the fields of semiconductor physics, materials, devices, optoelectronics, photonics, and optical communication at Yale University, Princeton, MEMC, AT&T, ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute; vice president), and KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). In 1999, Professor Lee joined INHA University, where he has been a distinguished university professor, founder of the School of Information and Communication Engineering, dean of the Graduate School of Information Technology, founding director of the micro/nano-PARC (Photonics Advanced Research Center), and founding director of the OPERA (Optics and Photonics Elite Research Academy) National Research Center of Excellence for VLSI Photonics. Dr. Louay Eldada is the chief technology officer of HelioVolt Corporation, Austin, Texas, where he leads the development and manufacture of compound semiconductor-based photovoltaic modules and systems. He holds a PhD from Columbia University, specializing in optoelectronic devices, modules, and systems. Dr. Eldada started his professional career with Honeywell International, where he founded the Telecom Photonics venture and directed its research and development arm for six years. The group’s success led to its acquisition by Corning Inc., where he continued to manage technical development. After leaving Corning Inc., Dr. Eldada founded Telephotonics Inc., a start-up company, where he took on the responsibilities of chief technical officer and vice president of engineering for the development and manufacture of innovative organic–inorganic highly integrated optoelectronic integrated circuits and systems. The commercial success of Telephotonics, Inc. in two years after its launch led to its acquisition by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (DuPont)®, where Dr. Eldada served as chief technical officer and vice president of engineering at DuPont Photonic Technologies for six years. Professor Manijeh Razeghi (fellow, IEEE) is one of the leading scientists in the field of semiconductor science and technology, and a pioneer in the development and implementation of major modern epitaxial techniques. She received her Doctorat d’Etat es Sciences Physiques from the Universite de Paris, France, in 1980. After receiving her doctoral degree, she joined Thomson-CSF (Orsay, France) as a senior research scientist and then served as the head of the Exploratory Materials Laboratory from 1980 to 1991. She joined Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, as a Walter P. Murphy Professor and Director of the Center for Quantum Devices in the fall of 1991, where she created the undergraduate and graduate programs in solid-state engineering. Her current research interest is in nanoscale optoelectronic quantum devices. She is a past recipient of the IBM Europe Science and Technology Prize. Professor Chennupati Jagadish was born and educated in India and worked there and in Canada prior to moving to Australia in 1990. He is currently a federation fellow, professor, and head of the Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Nanotechnology and Photovoltaics Group in the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University. He is also the convenor of the Australian Research Council Nanotechnology Network, the director (ACT Node) of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, and the president of the IEEE Nanotechnology Council (NTC). He is the recipient of the 2000 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Millennium Medal and has received distinguished lecturer awards from both the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society and the IEEE Electron Devices Society.