Anatomical, Experimental, and Mechanistic Investigations. Surgical Aspects. Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety for Epilepsy. Potential Mechanism(s) of Action of VNS for Depression. Efficacy and Tolerability of VNS for Depression. Other Emerging Uses. The Place of VNS in the Current Treatment of Epilepsy. Practical Aspects of VNS: Questions and Answers.