Toxicology of the Skin

This key volume of the Target Organ Toxicology Series provides a fresh and modern approach to the subject of skin toxicology from the perspective of how the skin forms a barrier that protects the body from the external environment and how chemicals and drugs interact with the barrier properties of the skin. Any defects or perturbations to this barrier may result in damage to the skin or may alter absorption. With contributions from over 40 international experts in the field of skin biology, the book presents the central role of the skin barrier to health and disease reviewing; The skin’s anatomy and physiology, with focus on the stratum corneum as a barrier to foreign substances. Dermal absorption, cutaneous metabolism, and epidermal transporters. Altered barriers, racial skin types, aged skin, photoaged skin, cosmetics and skin sensitization. Modern approaches to drug delivery across the skin barrier, including liposomes, microneedle technology, active and passive transdermal delivery. Examples and case studies of chemical toxicity after topical exposures ranging from arsenic, metal working fluids, bromine, jet fuel, sulfur mustard and including the emerging area of nanomaterial penetration. Toxicology of the Skin is essential reading for drug delivery pharmacologist, formulation scientists, dermatologists, toxicologists, molecular biologists, engineers, surgeons, students and anyone interested in skin irritation and skin absorption.

Part I: Skin Morphology and Barrier PropertiesStructure and function of skinBarrier function of skinSkin lipids for barrier functionTight junctions: a new barrier in the skin?Basic principles involved in quantifying the dermal absorption of topically applied chemicalsChemical structure-skin transport relationshipsCutaneous metabolism and active transport in transdermal drug deliveryEpidermal transporters and metabolism during dermal absorption: importance for toxicityHair follicle deliveryPart II: Altered BarriersStructural and functional correlations of skin barrier in health and disease: models and evaluation Are there differences in stratum structure & function in different racial skin types?Skin absorption through a comprised skin barrierThe stratum corneum in aged and photo-aged skinCosmetics and skin barrier integritySensing the environmentSkin SensitizationDiseases associated with cutaneous barrier dysfunction: Basic science aspects, clinical perspectivesSkin surfactant proteins: presence & potential defense functionsPart III: Methods of DeliveryLiposomes as promising tools for the skin delivery & protection of damaged skinApplications of microneedle technology to transdermal drug deliveryActive transdermal drug deliveryPart IV: Skin ToxicityNanomaterial penetrationPotential arsenic exposure through dermal penetrationDermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of metalworking fluidsCutaneous bromine exposure: An overview and insight into post-exposure molecular responsesEffects of dermal exposure to jet fuelSulfur mustard toxicity

Nancy Ann Monteiro-Riviere, Ph.D. is a Professor of Investigative Dermatology and Toxicology at the Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University (NCSU) as well as a Professor in the Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at UNC-Chapel Hill/NCSU and Research Adjunct Professor of Dermatology, School of Medicine at UNC Chapel Hill. She received her B.S. in Biology from Stonehill College, M.S. and Ph.D. in Anatomy and Cell Biology from Purdue University and a postdoctoral fellowship in toxicology at CIIT in Research Triangle Park, NC. She was past-President of both the Dermal Toxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Specialty Sections of the National Society of Toxicology. Dr. Monteiro-Riviere is a Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences and American College of Toxicology. She serves as Associate Editor for Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews in Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology and serves on seven toxicology editorial boards. She also serves on several national panels relating to dermal penetration and absorption, including many in nanotoxicology, such as the National Academies of Science Research Council to Review the Federal Strategy to Address Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials. She has published over 230 manuscripts and book chapters in the field of skin biology and toxicology and is also Co-Editor of the book "Nanotoxicology: Characterization and Dosing and Health Effects".