Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: Luis Abugattas. Independent consultant on trade and development issues. Mohammad Al-Asadi. Economist specializing in international development studies, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE), Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Shireen AlAzzawi. Lecturer, Economics Department, Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA; and Research Fellow, Economic Research Forum, Cairo, Egypt. Liam Anderson. Professor of Political Science, School of Public and International Affairs, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA. Claire Beaugrand. Lecturer in Sociology of the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK; CNRS Researcher at the Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, France. Natália Calfat. PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Kristian Coates Ulrichsen. Fellow for the Middle East, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. Jill Crystal. Professor of Political Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. Omar S. Dahi. Interim Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of Faculty and Professor of Economics, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Justin Dargin. Middle East Energy and Climate Scholar,Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace, Washington, DC, USA; and former legal advisor to OPEC. Gianni Del Panta. Post-doctoral Research Fellow in Political Science, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, Italy. Vincent Durac. Associate Professor, School of Politics and International Relations, University College Dublin, Ireland. Courtney Freer. Visiting Post-doctoral Fellow, Center for the Study of Law and Religion, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Brandon Friedman. Director of Research, Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Cengiz Gunes. Associate Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK. Habib Hinn. Assistant Researcher at the Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories; and Lecturer in Economics, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories. Martin Hvidt. Associate Professor and Head of Studies, Center for Modern Middle East and Muslim Studies, Department of History, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Gareth Jenkins. Non-resident Senior Fellow with the Silk Road Studies Program, based in Istanbul, Türkiye. Marc Jones. Assistant Professor in Middle East Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. Amir Magdy Kamel. Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor), School of Security Studies, and Fellow, Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, King’s College London, UK. Raja Khalidi. Director-General, Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), Ramallah, Palestinian Territories. Lawless, Richard I. Late Emeritus Reader in Middle Eastern Studies, Durham University, UK. Robert E. Looney. Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Department of National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA. Simon Mabon. Professor of International Politics, and Director of SEPAD, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. Philip McCrum. Chief Economist, Middle East and North Africa, and Director, Economic Advisory, EY, Dubai, UAE. Robert C. Mogielnicki. Senior Resident Scholar, The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, Washington, DC, USA. Viviane Y. Naïmy. Professor of Finance, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon. Riad Obegi. Chairman and General Manager of Banque Bemo SAL, Beirut, Lebanon. James Onley. Director of Historical Research, Qatar National Library, Doha, Qatar; and Editor of the Journal of Arabian Studies (Routledge). Francis Owtram. Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, UK. Nigel Parsons. Senior Lecturer, Politics Programme, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Neil Partrick. Writer and analyst on the Arabian Peninsula and wider Middle East. David Roberts. Associate Professor and Theme Lead for Regional Security and Development Research in the School of Security Studies, King’s College London, UK; Adjunct Faculty, Paris School of International Affairs, Sciences Po, Paris, France; Non-resident Fellow at the Arab Gulf States Institute, Washington, DC, USA; and former Director of the Qatar office of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies Shmuel Sandler. President of Emunah-Efrata College, Jerusalem, Israel; and the Sara and Simha Lainer Professor Emeritus of Democracy and Civility, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. R. B. Serjeant.