The Making of Manners and Morals in Twelfth-Century England The Book of the Civilised Man

How different are we from those in the past? Or, how different do we think we are from those in the past? Medieval people were more dirty and unhygienic than us – as novels, TV, and film would have us believe – but how much truth is there in this notion? This book seeks to challenge some of these preconceptions by examining medieval society through rules of conduct, and specifically through the lens of a medieval Latin text entitled The Book of the Civilised Man – or Urbanus magnus –which is attributed to Daniel of Beccles.Urbanus magnus is a twelfth-century poem of almost 3,000 lines which comprehensively surveys the day-to-day life of medieval society, including issues such as moral behaviour, friendship, marriage, hospitality, table manners, and diet. Currently, it is a neglected source for the social and cultural history of daily life in medieval England, but by incorporating modern ideas of disgust and taboo, and merging anthropology, sociology, and archaeology with history, this book aims to bring it to the fore, and to show that medieval people did have standards of behaviour. Although they may seem remote to modern ‘civilised’ people, there is both continuity and change in human behaviour throughout the centuries.

IllustrationsAcknowledgementsAbbreviationsManuscript SiglaIntroduction Chapter 1. The Background to Urbanus Magnus ContentIntroduction to the ManuscriptsCompositionAuthorshipChapter 2. Genre and Urbanus Magnus Scholarship on Urbanus MagnusThe Genre of Courtesy LiteratureThe Origins of Courtesy LiteratureOther SourcesChapter 3. The Manuscript EvidenceTwelfth-Century SatireAn Educational ToolReligious UseA Medical TextChapter 4. Introduction to ThemesChapter 5. The Medieval Household and Beyond Administering the HouseholdHouseholder, Home, and HospitalityChildren and WivesStaff and ServantsOutside the HouseholdSocial Mobility and Appropriate CourtesyChapter 6. The Medieval Body in Urbanus MagnusBodily Moderation and RestraintSpeech and LaughterBodily VicesThe Body and SexBodily EmissionsDisgustChapter 7. Medieval Dining and DietThe Archaeological EvidenceThe Medieval Meal Preparation and Consumption MannersContinuity and ChangeDiet and HealthChapter 8. New InterpretationsThe Impetus for and Precursors to Urbanus MagnusOriginsSocial HabitusThe Court of Henry II‘A Monument to Anxiety’UseThe Impact of Urbanus MagnusConclusion Appendix: Contenances de table poemsBibliographyIndex

Fiona Whelan completed her DPhil in Medieval History at the University of Oxford in 2015, and has previously studied at Trinity College Dublin and University College London. She has published on manuscript dissemination and has contributed to the collection Transformations and Continuities in the Eleventh Century: The Archaeology of the Norman Conquest. She currently works for the University of Oxford and her research interests include the cultivation of norms of behaviour, food and diet in the medieval period, household administration, and the manuscript culture of early courtesy literature.