The Grateful Slave The Emergence of Race in Eighteenth-Century British and American Culture

The figure of the grateful slave, devoted to his or her master in thanks for kind treatment, is ubiquitous in eighteenth-century writing from Daniel Defoe's Colonel Jack (1722) to Maria Edgeworth's 'The Grateful Negro' (1804). Yet this important trope, linked with discourses that tried to justify racial oppression, slavery and colonialism, has been overlooked in eighteenth-century literary research. Challenging previous accounts of the relationship between sentiment and slavery, in this book George Boulukos shows how the image of the grateful slave contributed to colonial practices of white supremacy in the later eighteenth century. Seemingly sympathetic to slaves, the trope actually undermines their cause and denies their humanity by showing African slaves as willingly accepting their condition. Taking in literary sources as well as texts on colonialism and slavery, Boulukos offers a fresh account of the development of racial difference, and of its transatlantic dissemination, in the eighteenth-century English-speaking world.

Introduction; 1. The prehistory of the grateful slave; 2. The origin of the grateful slave: Daniel Defoe's Col. Jack, 1722; 3. The evolution of the grateful slave 1754–77: the emergence of racial difference in the slavery debate and the novel; 4. The 1780s: transition; 5. Gratitude in the Black Atlantic: Equiano writes back, 1789; 6. The 1790s: ameliorationist convergence; Epilogue: grateful slaves, faithful slaves, mammies and martyrs: the Transatlantic afterlife of the grateful slave; Bibliography.

The literary trope of the grateful slave was used to justify colonial practices of white supremacy in the eighteenth century. Taking in literary sources as well as texts on colonialism and slavery, in this 2008 book Boulukos offers a fresh account of the development of racial difference in the eighteenth-century English-speaking world.