The Gender Imperative Human Security vs State Security

This collection of essays by feminist scholar-activists addresses the crucial problem of human security in a world of heavily armed, militarized states. It describes the gendered aspects of human security excluded from the realist militarism that dominates current security policy in most nation states. The book deepens and broadens current security discourses, encouraging serious consideration of alternatives to the present global security system that functions to advantage state security over human security, a system the contributors perceive to be rooted in the patriarchal nature of the nation state. This second edition will be of interest to academics and students of gender studies, women’s studies, international studies, development studies, human rights, security studies, peace studies and peace education.

List of Contributors. Foreword by Ingeborg Breines. Introduction: Challenging Patriarchal Violence Section 1. Confronting the Militarized State Security Paradigm: Human Security from a Feminist Perspective 1. Women and Human Security: A Feminist Framework and Critique of the Prevailing Patriarchal Security System Betty A. Reardon 2. Gendered Insecurity under Long-term Military Presence: The Case of Okinawa Kozue Akibayashi and Suzuyo Takazato 3. Human Security and Layers of Oppression: Women in South Africa Bernedette Muthien Section 2. Patriarchal Conditioning to Violence and Human Insecurity 4. Challenging the Patriarchal National Security Paradigm: The Role of Ethiopian Women in Peace and Security Mesfin G. Ayele 5. War and Armed Conflict: Threat to African Women’s Human Security Fatuma Ahmed Ali 6. Sexual Violence and Genocide, the Greatest Violation of Human Security: Responses to the Case of Darfur Lisa S. Price 7. Security Discourses: A Gender Perspective Michele W. Milner Section 3. Militarization/Demilitarization: Eroding and Promoting Human Security 8. Seeking Human Security in a Militarized Pacific: Struggles for Peace and Security by Pacific Island Women Ronni Alexander 9. Education, Violence and Schools: The Human Security of Girls in Afghanistan Rev. Chloe Breyer 10. Opposing Militarism: Soldiers’ Mothers in Russia Valerie Zawilski Section 4. Alternative and Transitional Approaches to Human Security 11. Security Council Resolution 1325: Toward Gender Equality in Peace and Security Policy Making Soumita Basu 12. Jordanian Women’s Concepts of Human Security Norma Nemeh 13. Gender, Health, Peace and Security Albie Sharpe 14. An Experiment in Transition from Military to Human Security Asha Hans 15. Patriarchy and the Bomb: Banning Nuclear Weapons Against the Opposition of Militarist Masculinities Ray Acheson. Conclusion: Framing a Gender and Human Security Discourse: Initiating the Inquiry Annexure: Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820. Index

Betty A. Reardon is Founding Director Emeritus of the International Institute on Peace Education (IIPE), a global consortium for continuing education on issues of peace, and a feminist peace educator. Her work with IIPE and as a theorist and designer of pedagogic materials and processes in peace education was recognized by the special Honourable Mention Award from UNESCO at the Peace Education Prize Ceremonies of 2001. She was the initiator and the first academic coordinator of The Hague Appeal for Peace Global Campaign for Peace Education launched in 1999. She is the recipient of the 2009 Sean MacBride Peace Prize awarded by the International Peace Bureau. Her published and unpublished professional papers are archived in the Ward M. Canaday Special Collections at the University of Toledo Library in Ohio. Asha Hans is Founder Director of the School of Women’s Studies, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, and heads the gender research institute Sansristi. A peace activist, she has written extensively on issues of peace and security, including Kashmiri women, refugee women and disability issues. Her recent work is on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. She is currently Co-Chair for the Pakistan India People’s Forum for Peace and Democracy and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Peace Education.