The Archaeology of Early Medieval and Medieval South Asia Contesting Narratives from the Eastern Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin

This book looks at the ways in which archaeological methods have been used in debates concerning the early medieval and medieval periods in South Asia. Despite the incorporation and use of archaeological data to corroborate historical narratives, the theories and methods of archaeology are largely ignored in and excluded from the dominating, institutionalized, and hegemonic disciplinary discourses. The volume offers contesting insights, polemical narratives, and new data from archaeological contexts to initiate a debate on many foundational premises of archaeological and historical narratives. It focuses on the much-neglected region of the Eastern Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin as a spatial frame to do this and studies themes such as spatial and temporal scales of concepts and methods, multi-scaler factors and processes of continuity and changes, the settlement archaeology of the alluvial landscape, changing patterns of agrarian transformation, and material cultures, including coins, inscriptions, pottery, and sculptures, in their contexts in sub-regional, regional, and supra-regional intersections. Dedicated to historian Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, this volume presents a crucial and unprecedented intervention in the study of the early medieval and the medieval periods. It will be useful for scholars and researchers of archaeology, ancient history, medieval history, water history, earth sciences, palaeoecology, historical ecology, epigraphy, art history, material culture studies, Indian history, and South Asian studies in general.

A Dedicatory Note: The unsettling interrogative sensibilities of Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya and transgression of the disciplinary boundaries Bhairabi Prasad Sahu, Swadhin Sen, andSupriya Varma 1 Introduction: Trouble of thinking about the archaeology of the early medieval and the medieval in Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna Basin Swadhin Sen, Supriya Varma and Bhairabi Prasad Sahu PART 1: Conceptual, methodological, and spatiotemporal domains of archaeology 2 Locating the medieval in South Asian archaeology: Resetting field methods and practices Supriya Varma 3The changing landscape of early medieval Indian history: Perspectives from archaeology Bhairabi Prasad Sahu 4Engaging with the past beyond the comfort zone: Early medieval and medieval in the archaeological context of the north-western part of Bengal Swadhin Sen, S. M. Kamrul Ahsan, Abir Bin Keysar, and Ahmed Sharif PART 2: Settlements, landscapes, and interpretive frameworks 5 Changing patterns of agrarian development in early medieval North Bengal:A delineation from the inscriptions Ryosuke Furui 6Early medieval and medieval settlementson the littoral and active part of a delta: An archaeological study of the southwestern part of Bangladesh A. K. M. Syfur Rahman and Afroza Khan Mita 7 Chronicles of perpetually reconfiguring entanglements:A precursory understanding of the landscape archaeology of Teesta Megafan of Bangladesh Swadhin Sen and A. K. M. Khorshed Alam PART 3: Pottery analyses and the spatiotemporal indexes 8 Pottery of Bengal during the early medieval period Coline Lefrancq 9 Analysing the pottery from the Brahmaputra Valley: Issues within archaeology and history (seventh to fifteenth centuries CE) Preetee Sharma PART 4: Material culture and monumental remains in context 10 Religious pictures from Bengal and Eastern Bihar: More than illustrating pantheons Claudine Bautze-Picron 11 Temple-building in the early medieval–medieval Bengal: Revisiting contexts in Western Bengal Sharmila Saha 12The regional monetary identity of ‘medieval Bengal’ (thirteenth to sixteenth centuries CE): Coin hoards, mint towns, and connectivity Sutapa Sinha

Swadhin Sen has been teaching in the Department of Archaeology of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, as a Professor. He has directed several excavations and undertaken full-coverage surveys in the northern part of Bangladesh. He has conducted ethnoarchaeological and ethnoecological studies in the north-western and south-western parts of Bangladesh. Currently he is directing research projects on the palaeoecology of Bengal and the archaeology of dynamic terrain of Bengal. His fields of interest also include politics of the pasts, critical studies of heritage, archaeologies of religions, popular culture of landscape and waterscapes, and cultural politics of ecology. He loves conversation with people and is passionately entangled with water and rivers. Supriya Varma is in the process of transitioning from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, to Azim Premji University, Bhopal. She has been the Co-Director of several archaeological projects including the Indor Khera Archaeological Project (IKAP) and the Rohana Khurd Archaeological Project (ROKAP). Her research interests include land use, pastoralism, mobility, landscapes, waterscapes, urbanism, childhood, households, crafts, identities, heritage, and sustainability. Her earlier work focused on the archaeology of childhood and households in ancient cities, but in the last several years, her research has shifted to the medieval and early modern periods. Among her publications are the co-edited book Traditions in Motion: Religion and Society in History and a special issue on Archaeologies of the Medieval in South Asia for The Medieval History Journal. She is currently co-directing an international and interdisciplinary project called MANDU: Monsoon, Climate, and Society in Medieval and Early Modern Times. Bhairabi Prasad Sahu was a Professor at the Department of History, University of Delhi. He was the Head of the Department during 2004–7, and Dean of International Relations at Delhi University during 2007–11. He served the Indian History Congress as its Secretary (2006–9) and the Indian Council of Historical Research as a Council Member (2008–15). He was President of Ancient Indian History at the Indian History Congress (2003) and presided over the Ancient Section of the Punjab History Conference, Historiography Section of the Andhra Pradesh History Congress, and the Uttarakhand History and Culture Association. Professor Sahu was on the editorial board of Indian Historical Review, Studies in People’s History, and Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. He was associated with the German Research Council’s Orissa Research Project (1999–2005). His areas of interest were historiography, political processes, and social formations in pre-modern India, with a greater focus on early medieval Odisha and Chhattisgarh.