Foreword by Guyzgeldi Bayjanov 1. Introduction Stefanos Xenarios, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Manzoor Qadir, Barbara Janusz-Pawletta, Iskandar Abdullaev and Vladimir Smakhtin 2. History of Water Management in the Aral Sea Basin Iskandar Abdullaev, Kai Wegerich and Jusipbek Kazbekov 3. Surface Water Resources Kakhramon Djumaboev, Oyture Anarbekov, Bunyod Holmatov, Ahmad Hamidov, Zafar Gafurov, Makhliyo Murzaeva, Janez Sušnik, Shreedhar Maskey, Hamid Mehmood and Vladimir Smakhtin 4. Groundwater resources Abror Gafurov, Vadim Yapiyev, Mohamed Ahmed, Jay Sagin, Ali Torabi Haghighi, Aigul Akylbekova and Bjørn Kløve 5. Hydropower Frank Schrader, Anvar Kamolidinov, Maksud Bekhanov, Murodbek Laljebaev and Stella Tsani 6. Environmental Degradation Alisher Mirzabaev, Jamal Annagylyjova and Iroda Amirova 7. Water for Agriculture and other Economic Sectors Asel Murzakulova, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Dagmar Balla, Dietrich Darr, Ahmad Hamidov, Ulan Kasymov, Roman Mendelevitch and Serik Orazgaliyev 8. The Status and Role of the alpine Cryosphere in Central Asia Martin Hoelzle, Martina Barandun, Tobias Bolch, Joel Fiddes, Abror Gafurov, Veruska Muccione, Tomas Saks and Maria Shaghedanova 9. Transboundary Water Management Marton Krasznai 10. Local and national institutions and policies governing water resources management Manon Cassara, Jelle Beekma, Lucia de Strasser, Oyture Anarbekov, Makhliyo Murzaeva, Sara Giska and Andrei Dörre 11. International actors and initiatives for sustainable water management Jenniver Sehring, Dinara Ziganshina, Marton Krasznai and Thijs Stoffelen 12. The Future of Water Resources Saghit Ibatullin and Dinara Ziganshina 13. Implementing Water-Related Sustainable Development Goals Aziza Baubekova and Anastasia Kvasha