Specification and Analysis of Concurrent Systems The COSY Approach

Concurrent systems abound in human experience but their fully adequate conceptualization as yet eludes our most able thinkers. The COSY (ConcurrentSystem) notation and theory was developed in the last decade as one of a number of mathematical approaches for conceptualizing and analyzing concurrent and reactive systems. The COSY approach extends theconventional notions of grammar and automaton from formal language and automata theory to collections of "synchronized" grammars and automata, permitting system specification and analysis of "true" concurrency without reduction to non-determinism. COSY theory is developed to a great level of detail and constitutes the first uniform and self-contained presentationof all results about COSY published in the past, as well as including many new results. COSY theory is used to analyze a sufficient number of typical problems involving concurrency, synchronization and scheduling, to allow the reader to apply the techniques presented tosimilar problems. The COSY model is also related to many alternative models of concurrency, particularly Petri Nets, Communicating Sequential Processes and the Calculus of Communicating Systems.

1 What COSY Is and What It Is For.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Concepts, Objectives and Design Decisions.- 1.3 Structure of Bookevevr.- 1.4 Acknowledgements.- 2 Formal Theory of Basic COSY.- 2.1 Basic COSY Syntax and Semantics.- 2.2 VFS Semantics of COSY.- 2.3. Petri Net Semantics of COSY.- 2.4 Adequacy Properties of Path Programs.- 2.5 Execution Semantics for COSY.- 2.6 Semantics of COSY with Priorities.- 2.7 Bibliographic Notes.- 3 High-level COSY Programs and System Design.- 3.1 High-level COSY Syntax and Semantics.- 3.2 The Process Notation.- 3.3 Macro Generators for COSY Notation.- 3.4 The Semantics of Macro COSY Programs.- 3.5 The COSY Environment.- 3.6 The COSY System Dossier.- 3.7 Bibliographical Notes.- 4 COSY Applications.- 4.1 Two-Way Channel with Disconnect.- 4.2 The Hyperfast Banker.- 4.3 Cigarette Smokers.- 4.4 Merlin-Randell Problem of Train Journeys.- 4.5 Transforming Sequential Systems into Concurrent Systems.- 4.6 Modelling N-Modular Redundancy.- 5 Comparison of COSY with Other Models.- 5.1 COSY and CCS.- 5.2 COSY and CSP.- Full COSY and Petri Nets.- 5.4 Vector Sequences and Mazurkiewicz Traces.- 5.5 COSY and Synchronized Behaviours.- 6 Historical Perspective.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Conceptual and Methodological Framework of COSY Approach.- Appendices.- A Algebra of Relations.- B Automata and Formal Language Theory.- B.1 Strings.- B.2 Languages.- B.3 Regular Expressions and Languages.- B.4 Finite State Automata and Grammars.- C Elements of Graph Theory.- D Proofs of Theorems 2.25, 2.26 and 2.28.- E Proofs of Theorems 2.37 and 2.38.- F Proof of Theorem 2.29.- G Proof of Theorem 4.3.- H Basic COSY Notations and Macro COSY Notation.- List of Figures.- List of Algorithms.- List of Definitions.- List of Theorems.- List of Corollaries.- List of Lemmas.