Shotcrete: Elements of a System Elements of a System

Over the last twenty years we have witnessed a revolution in ground stabilization in both underground and above-ground applications, thanks largely to the widespread adoption of shotcrete as a medium for support. Shotcrete technology continues to evolve and improve as its utilization increases. From relatively obscure and sporadic beginnings, it has now become central to ground stabilization in mines and tunnels throughout advanced nations in the world, and is increasingly being used in developing nations. The reasons for this success are clear. Shotcrete offers unrivaled scope for adaptation to varying ground conditions when used for stabilization, and allows flexibility with respect to geometry when used in other applications. The absence of form work and the fact that it conforms to irregular substrates helps to reduce costs, and it can be installed very rapidly. In many situations shotcrete will prove the most economical means of stabilization or construction, and it is more durable than most alternatives. The combination of these factors has made shotcrete the material of first choice in most underground support applications and in an increasing number of above-ground applications. As utilization spreads, new and innovative approaches to construction with this material continue to arise. The engineering basis for analysis and design of shotcrete linings and structures has also improved. This volume includes a selection of papers describing recent developments in the evolving field of shotcrete technology, written by a wide range of authors from around the world. The subjects range from mining-related ground control requirements, testing and performance characterization, and durability, to nozzleman education and accreditation requirements. The result is a reference providing a useful compendium of recent developments which should appeal to shotcrete technologists and practitioners alike.

A comparison of models for shotcrete in dynamically loaded rock tunnels, L. Ahmed, and A. Ansell Structural behaviour of shotcrete on irregular hard rock surfaces, A. Ansell Crack widths in ASTM C-1550 panels, E.S. Bernard, and G.G. Xu Precision of the ASTM C1550 panel test and field variation in measured FRS performance, E.S. Bernard, G.G. Xu, and N.J. Carino Influence of the number of replicates in a batch on apparent variability in FRC and FRS performance assessed using ASTM C1550 panels, E.S. Bernard, G.G. Xu, and N.J. Carino Round and square panel testseffect of friction, . Bjntegaard Evaluating the service life of shotcrete, L.-S. Bolduc, M. Jolin, and B. Bissonnette The use of shear wave velocity for assessing strength development in Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete, D. Ciancio, and M. Helinski Shotcrete tunnel linings with steel ribs: Stress redistribution due to creep and shrinkage effects, T. Collotta, G. Barbieri, and M. Mapelli Economical mix design enhancements for FRS, S.B. Duffield, U. Singh, and E.S. Bernard Advances in shotcrete education and nozzleman certification in America, J.-F. Dufour, and M. Jolin Robotic shotcrete shaft lininga new approach, K. Ford, L. Spence, D. McGarva, and M. Calderwood Advances in shotcrete impact-echo testing, A. Gibson The influence of air content on sprayed concrete quality and sprayability in a civil tunnel, C.J. Hauck, and G. Malm Kristiansen Shotcrete as a good looking final finishit is possible!, M. Hicks Shotcrete research and practice in Swedendevelopment over 35 years, B.J. Holmgren Design and construction of a permanent shotcrete liningThe A3 Hindhead Project, UK, T.J. Ireland, and S. Stephenson Shotcrete with blended cement and calcium aluminate based powder accelerator for improved durability, A. Ishida, M. Iwasaki, and A. Araki Sprayable fire-protective layers in traffic tunnels, W.A. Kusterle Shrinkage and durability of shotcrete, B. Lagerblad, L. Fjllberg, and C. Vogt The use of geotechnical photogrammetry in underground mine development, J.L. Lett, and J. Emmi Testing of unreinforced masonry walls seismically retrofitted with ECC shotcrete, Y. Lin, J.M. Ingham, and D. Lawley Sprayed concrete nozzle operator training and certification, A. Loncaric, C. Larive, and D.R. Morgan The use of Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete at Cadia Hill Open Pit, R.J. Lowther Structural Shotcrete in Western Canada, D.R. Morgan Centrifugal placed concrete for lining horizontal pipes, culverts, and vertical shafts, D.R. Morgan, K. Loevlie, N. Kwong, and A. Chan Round and square panel testsa comparative study, S.A. Myren, and . Bjntegaard Shotcrete application on the Boggo Road Busway driven tunnel, E.J. Nye, and D. Alt Use of calorimetry to select materials for shotcrete, P.J. Sandberg, and W. Walsh Factors to consider in using PP fibres in concrete to provide explosive spalling resistance in the event of a fire, K. Smith, and T. Atkinson Composite linings: ground support and waterproofing through the use of a fully bonded membrane, C.A. Verani, and W. Aldrian Shotcrete application and optimization at PT Freeport Indonesias Deep Ore Zone mine, E. Widijanto, E. Setiawan, M. Ramirez, and D. Napitupulu Air void structures in blended-cement wet-mix shotcrete, K.-K. Yun, S.-Y. Choi, J.-Y. Seo, B.-S. Jung, and C.-K. Jeon Author index

Stefan Bernard