Redemption, Rehabilitation and Risk Management A History of Probation

With the 100th anniversary of the probation service in 2007, and the arrival of National Offender Management Services, it is a particularly appropriate time to examine the history of probation. This book offers an account of the history and development of the service. Its main aim is to provide an accessible, reliable and timely account of the origins and development of the probation service from its beginnings in the second half of the 19th century up to its incorporation into NOMS. This book: - gives a unique account of the origins, growth and development of the probation service during its 100 year history - presents historical material, official(Home Office) documents, probationstatistics, and research reports - explains the changes that have taken place between 1907 and 2007

Redemption, Rehabilitation and Risk Management provides the most accessible and up-to-date account of the origins and development of the Probation Service in England and Wales. The book explores and explains the changes that have taken place in the service, the pressures and tensions that have shaped change, and the role played by government, research, NAPO, and key individuals from its origins in thenineteenth century up to the plans for the service outlined by the Conservative/Liberal Democrat government. The probation service is a key agency in dealing with offenders; providing reports for the courts that assist sentencing decisions; supervizing released prisoners in the community and working with the victims of crime. Yet despite dealing with more offenders than the prison service, at lower cost and with reconviction rates that are lower than those associated with prisons, the Probation Service has been ignored, misrepresented, taken for granted and marginalized, and probation staff have been sneered at as ‘do-gooders’. The service as a whole is currently under serious threat as a result of budget cuts, organizational restructuring, changes in training, and increasingly punitive policies. This book details how probation has come to such a pass. By tracing the evolution of the probation service, Redemption, Rehabilitation and Risk Management not only sheds invaluable light on a much misunderstood criminal justice agency, but offers a unique examination oftwentieth century criminal justice policy. It will be essential reading for students and academics in criminal justice and criminology.

1. Introduction 2. Origins 3. The First Decade 4.Consolidation5.'A Major Part of our Penal System'?6. 1950-1962– A Golden Age? 7. From Morison to Martinson, 1962-19748. Alternatives to Custody9.The End of the Road? 10. Concluding Reflections

George Mair has been Professor of Criminal Justice in the School of Law, Liverpool John Moores University since 1995. Previously, he was Principal Research Officer in the Home Office Research and Planning Unit. He is a leading authority on community penalties and has published widely on this topic. He was a member of the Merseyside Probation Board, 2001-2007. Lol Burke is Senior Lecturer in Criminal Justice, Liverpool John Moores University. He has worked as a Probation Officer and a Senior Probation Officer. He was involved in the delivery of probation training prior to his appointment at LJMU. He is editor of the Probation Journal.