Punishment

A thorny question faced by all civilized societies is what to do when people commit crime, and, in particular, how criminals are to be punished. Yet the nature of punishment, its justifications, aims, and effects has varied markedly throughout history and across—and within—cultures. These matters continue to be vigorously debated and frequently give rise to sharp divisions along lines of morality, politics, faith, and effectiveness. This vital new Routledge collection now brings together the major works on punishment, a central, important, and fascinating area of study, not just for the modern field of criminology but also for lawyers, philosophers, and thinkers in related disciplines. This four-volume ‘mini library’ enables users to consult influential texts, both old and new, and to trace the development of this important area of research and study. Topics covered include: philosophical debates on punishment; sociological theories of punishment; international comparative research; historical perspectives; prisons; rehabilitation; fines; the death penalty; community penalties; restorative justice; the electronic monitoring of offenders; penal populism; punishment and human rights; and recent international developments in punishing and crime-handling. The gathered materials have been carefully selected by the learned editors to offer a definitive overview of punishment, and a newly written introduction places the texts in their historical and thematic context, allowing users not merely to become familiar with penal topics, but also to understand the key questions that have animated scholarly research, both historically and today.

VOLUME I: HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIOLOGY OF PUNISHMENT 1. C. Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments [1764] (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 19-21; 31; 48–9; 53; 63–5; 66–72; 103–4; 113. 2. I. Kant, ‘The Right of Punishment’ [1797], in Political Writings (2nd enlarged edition ed. Hans Reiss, trans. H. B. Nisbet) (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 154–9. 3. J. Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation [1780/1823] (Dover Publications, Inc., 2007), pp. 170–7. 4. E. Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society [1893] (The Free Press/Macmillan, 1984), pp. 53–67. 5. G. Rusche and O. Kirchheimer, ‘I. Introduction’, Punishment and Social Structure [1939] (Transaction Publishers, 2003), pp. 3–7. 6. H. Garfinkel, ‘Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies’, American Journal of Sociology, 1956, 61, 5, 420–4. 7. G. Sykes, ‘Introduction’; ‘The Prison and its Setting’; and ‘The Defects of Total Power’, The Society of Captives [1958] (Princeton University Press, 2007), pp. xxix–xxxvii; 3–12; 40–62. 8. E. Goffman, ‘Introduction’, Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates [1961] (Penguin, 1991), pp. 15–22. 9. M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (Penguin, 1979), pp. 3–12; 22–31; 200–9; pp. 264–72. 10. M. Ignatieff, ‘Conclusion’, A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution (Macmillan, 1978), pp. 207–15. 11. D. Melossi and M. Pavarini, The Prison and the Factory: Origins of the Penitentiary System (Macmillan Press, 1981), pp. 143–9; 182–8. 12. A. von Hirsch, ‘Desert’ and ‘The Principle of Commensurate Deserts’, Doing Justice (Hill and Wang, 1976), pp. 45–55; 66–76. 13. F. Allen, ‘Address: The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal in American Criminal Justice’, Cleveland State Law Review, 1978, 27, 147–56. 14. P. Carlen, ‘Papa’s Discipline’, Women’s Imprisonment (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983), pp. 89–115. 15. D. Garland and P. Young, ‘Towards a Social Analysis of Penality’, in D. Garland and P. Young (eds.), The Power to Punish (Gower, 1983), pp. 1–36. 16. P. Spierenburg, ‘The Disappearance of Public Executions’, The Spectacle of Suffering (Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 183–99. 17. J. Braithwaite, ‘The Family Model of the Criminal Process: Reintegrative Shaming’, Crime, Shame and Reintegration (Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 54–68. 18. M. Feeley and J. Simon, ‘The New Penology: Notes on the Emerging Strategy of Corrections and its Implications’, Criminology, 1992, 30, 4, 449–74. 19. F. Zimring and G. Hawkins, ‘Dominance by Default’, Incapacitation: Penal Confinement and the Restraint of Crime (Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 3–17. 20. L. Wacquant, ‘The New "Peculiar Institution": On the Prison as Surrogate Ghetto’, Theoretical Criminology, 2000, 4, 3, 377–89. 21. D. Garland, ‘Epilogue: Discourse and Death’, Peculiar Institution: America’s Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition (Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 308–13. VOLUME II: PRACTICES AND INSTITUTIONS OF PUNISHMENT AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT 22. D. Garland, ‘Penal Strategies in a Welfare State’, Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies (Gower Press, 1985), pp. 231–64. 23. A. Sarat, ‘Killing Me Softly: Capital Punishment and the Technologies for Taking Life’, When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition (Princeton University Press, 2002), pp. 60–84. 24. A. Platt, ‘The New Penology’, The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency (University of Chicago Press, 1969), pp. 46–74. 25. L. Radzinowicz, and R. Hood, ‘Cutting Off the Supply of Recidivism: The Young Adult Offender’, A History of English Penal Law and its Administration from 1750, Vol. 5 (‘The Emergence of Penal Policy’) (Stevens & Sons Limited, 1986), pp. 376–97. 26. C. J. D. Shaw, ‘Children in Trouble’, British Journal of Criminology, 1966, 6, 2, 112–22. 27. L. McAra, ‘The Cultural and Institutional Dynamics of Transformation: Youth Justice in Scotland, England and Wales’, Cambrian Law Review, 2004, 35, 23–54. 28. A. Worrall and C. Hoy, ‘From "Advise, Assist and Befriend" to "Enforcement, Rehabilitation and Public Protection"’, in Punishment in the Community, 2nd edn. (Willan, 2005), pp. 73–97. 29. J. Simon, ‘New Technologies of Control, 1970–1990’, Poor Discipline: Parole and the Social Control of the Underclass, 1890–1990 (University of Chicago Press, 1993), pp. 169–201. 30. W. McWilliams and K. Pease, ‘Models of Man and Community Service’, in McWilliams and Pease (eds.), Community Service by Order (Scottish Academic Press, 1980), pp. 14–26. 31. M. Nellis, ‘Eternal Vigilance, Inc.: The Satellite Tracking of Offenders in "Real Time"’, Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2010, 28, 1, 23–43. 32. P. O’Malley, ‘Theorizing Fines’, Punishment and Society, 2009, 11, 1, 67–83. 33. G. Super, ‘"Like Some Rough Beast Slouching Towards Bethlehem to Be Born": A Historical Perspective on the Institution of the Prison in South Africa, 1976–2004’, British Journal of Criminology, 2011, 51, 1, 201–21. 34. J. Jacobs, ‘Transition of the Guard Force’, Stateville (Chicago University Press, 1977), pp. 175–99. 35. A. Liebling, ‘Moral Performance, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment and Prison Pain’, Punishment and Society, 2011, 13, 5, 530–50. 36. J. R. Sparks and A. E. Bottoms, ‘Legitimacy and Order in Prisons’, British Journal of Sociology, 1995, 46, 1, 45–62. 37. F. Zimring, and G. Hawkins, ‘Incapacitation and Imprisonment Policy’, Incapacitation: Penal Confinement and the Restraint of Crime (Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 155–72. 38. S. Shalev, ‘The Power to Classify: Avenues into a Supermax Prison’, Crime, Social Control and Human Rights: From Moral Panics to States of Denial—Essays in Honour of Stanley Cohen (Willan, 2007), pp. 107–19. VOLUME III: PUNISHMENT AND CULTURE 39. D. Melossi, ‘The Cultural Embeddedness of Social Control: Reflections on the Comparison of Italian and North American Cultures Concerning Punishment’, Theoretical Criminology, 2001, 5, 4, 403–24. 40. J. Pratt, ‘Scandinavian Exceptionalism in an Era of Penal Excess’, British Journal of Criminology, 2008, 48, 3, 119–37. 41. D. Green, ‘Feeding Wolves: Punitiveness and Culture’, Punishment and Society, 2009, 6, 6, 517–36. 42. R. Sosis, ‘Does Religion Promote Trust? The Role of Signalling, Reputation and Punishment’, Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 2005, 1, 1–30. 43. P. Scharff-Smith, ‘A Religious Technology of the Self: Rationality and Religion in the Rise of the Modern Penitentiary’, Punishment and Society, 2004, 6, 2, 195–220. 44. M. Brown, ‘Prison Otherwise: Cultural Meaning beyond Punishment’, The Culture of Punishment: Prison, Society and Spectacle (New York University Press, 2009), pp. 190–212. 45. M. Nellis, ‘The Aesthetics of Redemption: Released Prisoners in American Film and Literature’, Theoretical Criminology, 2009, 13, 1, 123–46. 46. D. Clemmer, ‘Social Relations in the Prison Community’, The Prison Community (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1940), pp. 83–110. 47. J. Irwin, and D. Cressey, ‘Thieves, Convicts and the Inmate Subculture’, Social Problems, 1960, 54, 590–603. 48. R. Sparks, ‘Out of the "Digger": The Warrior’s Honour and the Guilty Observer’, Ethnography, 2002, 3, 4, 556–81. 49. J. Pratt, ‘Norbert Elias and the Civilised Prison’, British Journal of Sociology, 1999, 50, 2, 271–96. 50. C. Haney, ‘A Culture of Harm: Taming the Dynamics of Cruelty in Supermax Prisons’, Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 2008, 35, 8, 956–84. 51. P. Smith, ‘The Prison’, Punishment and Culture (University of Chicago Press, 2008), pp. 57–94. 52. N. Christie, ‘Conflicts as Property’, British Journal of Criminology, 1977, 17, 1, 1–15. 53. P. Carlen, ‘The Staging of Magistrates’ Justice’, British Journal of Criminology, 1976, 16, 1, 48–55. 54. S. Maruna, ‘Reentry as a Rite of Passage’, Punishment and Society, 2011, 31, 1, 3–28. VOLUME IV: PUNISHMENT AND PENAL POLITICS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD 55. J. Savelsberg, ‘Knowledge, Domination an