Political Parties and the Crisis of Democracy Organization, Resilience, and Reform

Democracy is in decline and the share of world's population living in freedom under democratic government has decreased considerably as authoritarian practices proliferate. Surprisingly, most of the analyses that study these developments give little attention to the role of political parties in the decline of democracy although there is a broad consensus about the relevance of political parties for the functioning of democracy. How parties can contribute to democracy is best understood by looking at a very diverse range of cases in different parts of the world. Instead of taking a regional approach which dominates the literature on political parties, this volume takes a global perspective. It brings together experts from four continents, which opens up fresh comparative perspectives on the role of political parties in the democratic process. Political Parties and the Crisis of Democracy asks how parties contribute to the consolidation of democracy, why they fail today, why new parties emerge and displace old parties, and also what parties need to do in order to survive cutthroat competition, above all with a new (and sometimes not so new) variants of populist parties. It takes a unique global focus, covering old and new democracies in different regions of the world. It covers Western and Central Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Africa, Turkey and Israel, including presidential, semi-presidential, and parliamentary democracies and also some countries where democracy is seriously threatened or eroding. This volume offers unique comparative perspectives combined with a detailed analysis of individual countries and their party systems. It shows that parties are central actors for the consolidation of democracy, but that organisational reforms are necessary to cope with social change such as individualisation, the decline in party membership and the impact of new media and modern communication, thus counteracting the fragmentation of party systems and the decay of democracy. This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

1 - Introduction
2 - Analyzing political parties and democracy: Themes, questions, problems
3 - The United Kingdom party system
4 - French political parties and democracy
5 - The long way towards polarized pluralism: Party and party system change in Germany
6 - Fragmentation and anti-establishment politics: Czech party system in the 2020s
7 - Italian parties and party system(s)
8 - The Greek party system's ongoing crisis: the cases of ND, SYRIZA, and PASOK-KINAL
9 - Parties and the party system in Turkey: From the system of “double tutelage” to a “personalistic hybrid regime”
10 - The Portuguese party system - a realignment?
11 - Spain: Party system change and fragmentation
12 - Party organizational development in Poland (2001-2021): The cases of Law and Justice (PiS) and Civic Platform (PO)
13 - Political parties and democracy: The Israeli case
14 - Weakening of the Mexican party system: The rise of AMLO'S MORENA
15 - The Colombian party system, 1991-2021: Deinstitutionalized but flexible and resilient
16 - Political parties in Brazil: Tradition and trends in the new democracy
17 - Democracy and political parties in the Argentine republic
18 - Taiwan: Party system of a young consolidated democracy
19 - The development of party organizations in new democracies: Evidence from South Korea
20 - Japan: Struggle for party system change
21 - The Challenges to Democracy in India: The Role of Political Parties
22 - An anarchy of parties: The pitfalls of the presidential-based party system in the Philippines
23 - Political parties and democracy in South Africa
24 - Political parties in Nigeria's Fourth Republic (1999-2019)
25 - The state of political party development in Ghana
26 - Can the parties be helped? Political party assistance in international cooperation
27 - Parties and democracy: A difficult relationship

Thomas Poguntke is Professor of Comparative Politics at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf and Co-Director of the Düsseldorf Party Research Institute (PRuF). Previously, he held chairs at the universities of Keele, Birmingham, and Bochum. He was Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence and at the Australian National University and is author and editor of numerous publications on political parties and comparative politics including The Presidentialization of Politics. A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies (Oxford University Press 2005; with Paul D. Webb), and Organizing Political Parties: Representation, Participation and Power (Oxford University Press, 2017 edited with Susan E. Scarrow and Paul D. Webb). Wilhelm Hofmeister is a Fellow and lecturer at the Düsseldorf Party Research Institute (PRuF). From 1987 until 2022 he worked with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation as a political consultant in the area of political party cooperation and director of country offices in Chile, Brazil, Singapore, and Spain. He is author and editor of numerous publications on political parties and comparative analysis of political transition and system changes. His last monograph is Political parties shape democracy. Their role, performance, and organisation from a global perspective.