Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV Psychiatric Nosology

The revisions of both DSM-IV and ICD-10 have again focused the interest of the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology on the issue of nosology. This interest has been further heightened by a series of controversies associated with the development of DSM-5 including the fate of proposed revisions of the personality disorders, bereavement, and the autism spectrum. Major debate arose within the DSM process about the criteria for changing criteria, leading to the creation of first the Scientific Review Committee and then a series of other oversight committees which weighed in on the final debates on the most controversial proposed additions to DSM-5, providing important influences on the final decisions. Contained within these debates were a range of conceptual and philosophical issues. Some of these - such as the definition of mental disorder or the problems of psychiatric "epidemics" - have been with the field for a long time. Others - the concept of epistemic iteration as a framework for the introduction of nosologic change - are quite new. This book reviews issues within psychiatric nosology from clinical, historical and particularly philosophical perspectives. The book brings together a range of distinguished authors - including major psychiatric researchers, clinicians, historians and especially nosologists - including several leaders of the DSM-5 effort and the DSM Steering Committee. It also includes contributions from psychologists with a special interest in psychiatric nosology and philosophers with a wide range of orientations. The book is organized into four major sections: The first explores the nature of psychiatric illness and the way in which it is defined, including clinical and psychometric perspectives. The second section examines problems in the reification of psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the problem of psychiatric epidemics, and the nature and definition of individual symptoms. The third section explores the concept of epistemic iteration as a possible governing conceptual framework for the revision efforts for official psychiatric nosologies such as DSM and ICD and the problems of validation of psychiatric diagnoses. The book ends by exploring how we might move from the descriptive to the etiologic in psychiatric diagnoses, the nature of progress in psychiatric research, and the possible benefits of moving to a living document (or continuous improvement) model for psychiatric nosologic systems. The result is a book that captures the dynamic cross-disciplinary interactions that characterize the best work in the philosophy of psychiatry.

1 - Introduction to Clinical significance', disability and biomarkers: shifts in thinking between DSM-4 and DSM-5
2 - Clinical significance', disability and biomarkers: shifts in thinking between DSM-4 and DSM-5
3 - Distinguishing but not Dissociating Psychiatric Disorder and Impairment in Functioning: Bolton, Hume, and Sentiment
4 - Introduction to The Hard Question in Psychiatric Nosology
5 - The Hard Question in Psychiatric Nosology
6 - Representation and explanation in psychometric modeling
7 - Introduction to Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions
8 - Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions
9 - Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in DSM-5, ICD-11 and RDoC: Conceptual questions and practical solutions
10 - Introduction to Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems
11 - Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems
12 - I Bet on Borsboom
13 - Introduction to On Reification of Mental Illness: Historical and Conceptual Issues From Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5
14 - On Reification of Mental Illness: Historical and Conceptual Issues From Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler to DSM-5
15 - Reification of mental illness: Some considerations
16 - Introduction to Factors in the Development of Psychiatric Epidemics
17 - Factors in the Development of Psychiatric Epidemics
18 - Diagnostic epidemics and diagnostic disarray: the issue of differential diagnosis
19 - Introduction to Description and Explanation of the Culture bound Syndromes
20 - Description and Explanation of the Culture bound Syndromes
21 - Reflections on Culture-Bound Syndromes
22 - Introduction to On the Appearance and Disappearance of Asperger's Syndrome
23 - On the Appearance and Disappearance of Asperger's Syndrome
24 - Impact of "Severity Decategorization" in DSM-5
25 - Introduction to The ontology and epistemology of symptoms: The case of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia
26 - The ontology and epistemology of symptoms: The case of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia
27 - Comment on The Ontology and Epistemology of Symptoms: The Case of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
28 - Introduction to Epistemic Iteration and Natural Kinds: Realism and Pluralism in Taxonomy
29 - Epistemic Iteration and Natural Kinds: Realism and Pluralism in Taxonomy
30 - Psychiatric Nosology, Epistemic Iteration and Pluralism
31 - Introduction to Validity and the causal structure of a disorder
32 - Validity and the causal structure of a disorder
33 - Saving the Explananda
34 - Introduction to Epistemic Iteration or Paradigm Shift: The Case of Personality Disorder
35 - Epistemic Iteration or Paradigm Shift: The Case of Personality Disorder
36 - Why we should be realists about psychiatric disorders- reply to Peter Zachar
37 - Introduction to Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder
38 - Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder
39 - Comments on Kenneth S. Kendler's"Progressive Validation of Psychiatric Syndromes: The Example of Panic Disorder"
40 - Introduction to Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry
41 - Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry
42 - Notes for commentary on Kathryn Tabb and Kenneth F. Schaffner, "Causal Pathways, Random Walks and Tortuous Paths: Moving from the Descriptive to the Etiological in Psychiatry"
43 - Introduction to What is progress in psychiatric research?
44 - What is progress in psychiatric research?
45 - Commentary on Stephan Heckers' "What is progress in psychiatric research?"
46 - Introduction to DSM-5.1: Perspectives on Continuous Improvement in Diagnostic Frameworks
47 - DSM-5.1: Perspectives on Continuous Improvement in Diagnostic Frameworks
48 - How do we improve the DSM?

Dr. Kendler has pursued for most of his career substantive research in psychiatric genetics and epidemiology. He has, during that time, actively published at the interface between psychiatric genetics and psychiatric nosology. He was on the Task Forces of DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. For DSM-5, he chaired the Scientific Review Committee. He is currently vice-chair of the American Psychiatric Association's DSM Steering Committee which is overseeing changes in DSM-5. He has, over the last 15 years, written extensively on topics at the interface between psychiatry and philosophy including a number of papers on nosology. Along with Dr. Parnas, he edited volumes that included the papers and commentaries for the three prior Philosophy of Psychiatry conferences: i) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: Explanation, Phenomenology and Nosology, ii) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: II Nosology, and iii) Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry: III: the nature and sources of historical change. Dr. Parnas has published in the domain of psychopathology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Over the past 25 years he has been active at the interface of psychopathology and philosophy, especially philosophy of mind and phenomenology, applying these to the issues of psychiatric diagnosis and classification. His most recent work deals with experiential trait-phenotypes of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in particular the anomalies of self-experience. He is a co-founder of and a senior researcher at an interdisciplinary theoretical institute, Center for Subjectivity Research at the University of Copenhagen, integrating psychiatry, philosophy, and hermeneutics in interaction with cognitive science and neuroscience. Along with Dr. Kendler, he edited three prior volumes on philosophy and psychiatry (vide supra).