Part I: Reviews 1. MicroRNA Biogenesis and Cancer Julia Winter and Sven Diederichs 2. Computational Identification of MiRNAs Involved in Cancer Anastasis Oulas, Nestoras Karathanasis, and Panayiota Poirazi 3. The Principles of MiRNA-Masking Antisense Oligonucleotides Technology Zhiguo Wang 4. The Concept of Multiple-Target Anti-miRNA Antisense Oligonucleotide Technology Zhiguo Wang 5. Modulation of MicroRNAs for Potential Cancer Therapeutics Wei Wu Part II: Protocols 6. Detection of MicroRNAs in Cultured Cells and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Specimens by In situ Hybridization Ashim Gupta and Yin-Yuan Mo 7. MicroRNA Northern Blotting, Precursor Cloning, and Ago2-Improved RNA Interference Julia Winter and Sven Diederichs 8. MiRNA Profiling on High Throughput OpenArray™ System Elena V. Grigorenko, Elen Ortenberg, James Hurley, Andrew Bond, and Kevin Munnelly 9. Silicon Nanowire Biosensor for Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Direct Detection of miRNAs Guo-Jun Zhang 10. High Throughput and Reliable Protocols for Animal microRNA Library Cloning Caide Xiao 11. MicroRNA Regulation of Growth Factor Receptor Signalling in Human Cancer Cells Keith M. Giles, Andrew Barker, Priscilla M. Zhang, Michael R. Epis, and Peter J. Leedman 12. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer Hani Choudhry and James W.F. Catto 13. In vitro Functional Study of miR-126 in Leukemia Zejuan Li and Jianjun Chen 14. Prediction of the Biological Effect of Polymorphisms within MicroRNA Binding Sites Debora Landi, Roberto Barale, Federica Gemignani, and Stefano Landi 15. The Guideline of the Design and Validation of MiRNA Mimics Zhiguo Wang 16. Analysis of Targets and Functions Co-Regulated by MicroRNAs Shu-Jen Chen and Hua-Chien Chen 17. Utilization of SSCprofiler to Predict a New MiRNA Gene Anastasis Oulas and Panayiota Poirazi 18. MicroRNA-Profiling Using Fluorescence-Labeled Beads: Data Acquisition and Processing Thomas Streichert, Benjamin Otto, and Ulrich Lehmann