MicroCMOS Design

MicroCMOS Design covers key analog design methodologies with an emphasis on analog systems that can be integrated into systems-on-chip (SoCs). Starting at the transistor level, this book introduces basic concepts in the design of system-level complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS). It uses practical examples to illustrate circuit construction so that readers can develop an intuitive understanding rather than just assimilate the usual conventional analytical knowledge. As SoCs become increasingly complex, analog/radio frequency (RF) system designers have to master both system- and transistor-level design aspects. They must understand abstract concepts associated with large components, such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and phase-locked loops (PLLs). To help readers along, this book discusses topics including: Amplifier basics & design Operational amplifier (Opamp) Data converter basics Nyquist-rate data converters Oversampling data converters High-resolution data converters PLL basics Frequency synthesis and clock recovery Focused more on design than analysis, this reference avoids lengthy equations and instead helps readers acquire a more hands-on mastery of the subject based on the application of core design concepts. Offering the needed perspective on the various design techniques for data converter and PLL design, coverage starts with abstract concepts—including discussion of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and MOS transistors—and builds up to an examination of the larger systems derived from microCMOS design.

Amplifier Basics Driving-Point and Transfer Functions Frequency Response Stability Criteria Operational Amplifier (Opamp) in Negative Feedback Phase Margin Transient Response Feedback Amplifier Feedback Effect Left-Half or Right-Half Plane Zero Stability of Feedback Amplifiers Amplifier Design Abstract Low-Frequency Model of Transistors Driving-Point Resistances at Low Frequencies Resistance Reflection Rules Three Basic Amplifier Configurations Nine Amplifier Combinations Differential Pair Gain Boosting Biasing Voltage and Current Sources Operational Amplifier (Opamp) Small-Signal Model of the Operational Amplifier Opamp Frequency Compensation Phase Margin of Two-Stage Miller-Compensated Opamps Right-Half Plane Zero Cancellation in Two-Stage Opamps Transient Response of Opamp in Feedback Opamp Design Examples Common-Mode Feedback Offset Cancellation Opamp Input Capacitance Opamp Offset Opamp Noise Opamp Common-Mode Rejection Data Converter Basics Analog-to-Digital Converter Basics Sample and Hold Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter Comparator ADC Testing Averaging and Interpolation Techniques Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques Digital-to-Analog Converter Basics Nyquist-Rate Data Converters Analog-to-Digital Converter Architectures Slope-Type ADC Successive Approximation Register ADC Subranging and Multistep ADC Pipelined ADC Folding ADC Other ADCs Stand-Alone DACs Oversampling Data Converters Concept of Quantizer in Feedback ?S Modulator High-Order Architectures Discrete-Time (DT) versus Continuous-Time (CT) Modulators Discrete-Time Modulator Design Band-Pass Modulator Design Continuous-Time Modulator Design Interpolative Oversampling DAC High-Resolution Data Converters Nonlinearity of the Analog-to-Digital Converter Evolution of High-Resolution ADC Design Digital Calibration of ADC Digital Background Calibration Digital Processing for Gain Nonlinearity Calibration by Zero-Forcing Least-Mean-Square Feedback Calibration of Time-Interleaving ADC Calibrated Continuous-Time (CT) ?S Modulators Calibration of Current-Steering DAC Phase-Locked Loop Basics Phase Noise Phase-Locked Loop Operation Phase Noise Transfer Function Phase Detector Charge-Pumped Phase-Locked Loop PLL Bandwidth Constraints High-Q LC VCO Low-Q Ring-Oscillator VCO Prescaler Frequency Synthesis and Clock Recovery Phase-Locked Loop Applications Digital PLL Frequency Synthesis Spur-Canceled Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer Data Symbols Data Channel Equalization Clock and Data Recovery NRZ Phase Detector

Bang-Sup Song, Ph.D., received a B.S. from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1973, an M.S. from Korea Advanced Institute of Science in 1975, and a Ph.D. from the University of California–Berkeley in 1983. From 1975 to 1978, he was a member of the research staff at the Agency for Defense Development, Korea. From 1983 to 1986, he was a member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, and was also a visiting faculty member in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Jersey. From 1986 to 1999, Dr. Song was a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Coordinated Science Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana. In 1999, Dr. Song joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, where he is endowed with the position of Charles Lee Powell Chair Professor in Wireless Communication. Dr. Song received a Distinguished Technical Staff Award from AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1986, a Career Development Professor Award from Analog Devices in 1987, and a Xerox Senior Faculty Research Award from the University of Illinois in 1995. His Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) activities have been in the capacities of an associate editor and a program committee member for the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, International Solid-State Circuits Conference, and International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Dr. Song is an IEEE fellow.