Metabolism and Medicine The Metabolic Landscape of Health and Disease (Volume 2)

Chronic disease states of aging should be viewed through the prism of metabolism and biophysical processes at all levels of physiological organization present in the human body. This book connects these insights to what causes them to go awry in the context of unhealthy human behaviors and aging, aiming to buttress scientific creativity. It also provides links between the art and science of medicine that strengthens problem-solving in patient care. New and important discoveries in the area of metabolic health and metabolic diseases are discussed in exquisite detail. Key Features: Broad and up-to-date overview of the field of metabolic aspects of health and chronic disease development, especially connecting the spectrum of topics that range from molecular clocks to stress response to nuclear hormone receptors and the role of microbiota in human health Provides a deeper basic science and interdisciplinary understanding of biological systems that broaden the perspectives and therapeutic problem solving by elaborating on the usefulness of the Physiological Fitness Landscape Describes the importance of insulin resistance in metabolic disease, especially diabetes but also includes links to cancer and Alzheimer’s disease Examines the process of aging from the perspective of metabolic decline illustrating it with the Physiological Fitness Landscape This book, the second volume in a two-volume set, primarily targets an audience of clinical and science students, biomedical researchers and physicians who would benefit from understanding each other’s language.

Contents Prologue................................................................................................................................................... xv Acknowledgments.....................................................................................................................................xvii Author........................................................................................................................................................xxi Personal Statements...................................................................................................................................xxiii 1. Introduction to Metabolism: A New Model for Medicine.................................................................. 1 2. The Stress Response: From Health to Disease................................................................................... 49 3. Nuclear Hormone Receptors: Mediators of Dynamic (Patho)physiological Responses................. 105 4. The Biology of Time: How Molecular Clocks Make Living Cells Tick...............................................131 5. Calorie Restriction, Intermittent Fasting, Ketogenic Fasting, and Time-Restricted Feeding ……...191 6. The Microbiota in Symbiotic Entanglement with Human Metabolism................................................ 225 7. The Role of Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Disease.............................................................................. 275 8. Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance......................................................... 323 9. Chronic Diseases of Aging as Metabolic Disorders.................................................................................. 355 Epilogue ............................................................................................................................................................413 Index..................................................................................................................................................................417

Brian J Fertig, M.D., F.A.C.E., is the Founder and President of the Diabetes & Osteoporosis Center in Piscataway, New Jersey (https://siomar2.wixsite.com/diabandosteocenter), established in1994. Dr. Fertig’s experience in diabetes, endocrinology and metabolism, including internship, residency, fellowship, and private practice, spans a period of 34 years. Dr. Fertig is also an Associate Professor at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and the Chairman of the Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology at Hackensack Meridian Health—JFK University Medical Center. His passion for patient care and for finding the root problems of disease was his motivation and purpose for writing a two volume book series titled Metabolism and Medicine. On his exploratory journey, Dr. Fertig discovered modern conceptual tools to improve the problem-solving skill sets of great utility for him, his practitioner colleagues, and the next generation of healthcare providers. His genuine concern for the future of medical student education is one of the main factors that motivated him to write this book. Additionally, he is also concerned with the need for interdisciplinary expertise to augment the execution of patient care, but particularly in light of an expanding reliance on Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants. His philosophy is based on the concept that the greater the network of interdisciplinary scientific and clinical expertise, the greater the collective skill set and hence the benefit to the patient. The ever-increasing use of bioinformatics paves the way toward personalized-scale medicine. However, the way forward for medicine should also include skillful adaptation of methods developed in physics, which will allow quantification of therapeutic solutions with unprecedented precision. Since physics has a tendency to generalize empirical observations to formulate laws of nature while biology takes pains to tease out detailed specificities, the marriage of the two fields promises the most enlightened future direction for medicine as both an art and a science.