Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement

The Second Edition of the bestselling Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of measurement, instrumentation, and sensors. Reflecting the current state of the art, it describes the use of instruments and techniques for performing practical measurements in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences and discusses processing systems, automatic data acquisition, reduction and analysis, operation characteristics, accuracy, errors, calibrations, and the incorporation of standards for control purposes. Organized according to measurement problem, the Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement volume of the Second Edition: Contains contributions from field experts, new chapters, and updates to all 96 existing chapters Covers instrumentation and measurement concepts, spatial and mechanical variables, displacement, acoustics, flow and spot velocity, radiation, wireless sensors and instrumentation, and control and human factors A concise and useful reference for engineers, scientists, academic faculty, students, designers, managers, and industry professionals involved in instrumentation and measurement research and development, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, Second Edition: Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement provides readers with a greater understanding of advanced applications.

Spatial, Mechanical, Thermal, and Radiation Measurement Preface Acknowledgements Editors Contributors Part I: Instrumentation and Measurement Concepts Measurements, Instrumentation, and Sensors Halit Eren Characteristics of Instrumentation John R. Hansman, Jr. Operational Modes of Instrumentation Richard S. Figliola Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instrumentation Peter H. Sydenham Measurement Accuracy Ronald H. Dieck Development of Standards Halit Eren Measurement Standards DeWayne B. Sharp Calibrations in Instrumentation and Measurements Halit Eren Intelligent Sensors and Instruments Halit Eren Virtual Instruments David Potter and Halit Eren Fail-Safe Instruments and Devices Davide Quatrini, Giuseppe Fazio, Mauro Giaconi, and Adelio Salsano Dynamic Error Measurements of Force Sensors Akihiro Takita, Jin Tao, and Yusaku Fujii Part II: Spatial Variables Thickness Measurement John C. Brasunas, G. Mark Cushman, and Brook Lakew Distance Measurement W. John Ballantyne Altitude Measurement Dimitris E. Manolakis Attitude Measurement Mark A. Stedham, Partha P. Banerjee, Seiji Nishifuji, and Shogo Tanaka Inertial Navigation Halit Eren Level Measurement Detlef Brumbi Area Measurement Charles B. Coulbourn and Wolfgang P. Buerner Volume Measurement Rene G. Aarnink and Hessel Wijkstra Tilt Measurement Adam Chrzanowski and James M. Secord Proximity Sensing for Robotics Ricardo E. Saad, Ben Benhabib, A. Bonen, and K.C. Smith Part III: Displacement Resistive Displacement Sensors Keith Antonelli, James Ko, and Shyan Ku Inductive Displacement Sensors Halit Eren Capacitive Sensors: Displacement, Humidity, Force Halit Eren Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers Ahmad Safari, Victor F. Janas, Amit Bandyopadhyay, and Andrei Kholkine Laser Interferometer Displacement Sensor Bernhard Gunther Zagar Bore-Gaging Displacement Sensors Viktor P. Astakhov Ultrasonic Displacement Sensors Nils Karlsson and Ole Pedersen Optical Encoder Displacement Sensors J.R. Rene Mayer Magnetic Displacement Sensors David S. Nyce Synchro/Resolver Displacement Sensors Robert M. Hyatt, Jr. and David Dayton Optical Fiber Displacement Sensors Richard O. Claus, Vikram Bhatia, and Anbo Wang Optical Beam Deflection Sensors Grover C. Wetsel Velocity Measurement Charles P. Pinney and William E. Baker Part IV: Mechanical Variables Acceleration, Vibration, and Shock Measurement Halit Eren Strain Measurement Christopher S. Lynch Tactile Sensing Ricardo E. Saad, A. Bonen, K.C. Smith, and Ben Benhabib Pressure Measurement Kevin H.L. Chau Vacuum Measurement Ron Goehner, Emil Drubetsky, Howard M. Brady, and William H. Bayles, Jr. Force Measurement M.A. Elbestawi Angle Measurement Robert J. Sandberg Mass, Weights, and Instrumentation Emil Hazarian Torque and Power Measurement Ivan J. Garshelis Density Measurement Halit Eren Fluid Viscosity Measurement R.A. Secco, M. Kostic, and J.R. deBruyn Surface Tension Measurement David B. Thiessen and Kin F. Man Part V: Acoustics Acoustic Measurement Per Rasmussen Ultrasound Measurement Peder C. Pedersen Part VI: Flow and Spot Velocity Capillary-Type Mass Flow Meter Reza Pakdaman Zangabad and Manouchehr Bahrami Differential Pressure Flowmeters Richard Thorn Variable Area Flowmeters Adrian Melling, Herbert Köchner, and Reinhard Haak Positive Displacement Flowmeters Zaki D. Husain and Donald J. Wass Turbine and Vane Flowmeters David Wadlow Impeller Flowmeters Harold M. Miller Electromagnetic Flowmeters Halit Eren Ultrasonic Flowmeters Hans-Peter Vaterlaus, Thomas Hossle, Paolo Giordano, and Christophe Bruttin Vortex-Shedding Flowmeters Wade M. Mattar and James H. Vignos Thermal Anemometry Jugal K. Agarwal and John G. Olin Coriolis Effect Mass Flowmeters Jesse Yoder Drag Force Flowmeters Rekha Philip-Chandy, Roger Morgan, and Patricia J. Scully Pitot Probe Anemometer John A. Kleppe Thermal Dispersion Mass Flow Meters John G. Olin Laser Anemometry Rajan K. Menon Part VII: Thermal and Temperature Measurement Temperature Measurements, Scales, and Calibrations Franco Pavese Thermal Conductivity Measurement William A. Wakeham and Marc J. Assael Heat Flux Thomas E. Diller Resistive Thermometers Jim Burns Thermistor Thermometers Rod White and Meyer Sapoff Thermocouple Thermometry R.P. Reed Semiconductor Junction Thermometers Randy Frank Noncontact Thermometers Jacob Fraden Pyroelectric Detectors Jacob Fraden Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers Rod White and J.V. Nicholas Manometric Thermometers Franco Pavese Temperature Indicators Jan Stasiek, Tolestyn Madaj, and Jaroslaw Mikielewicz Fiber-Optic Thermometers Brian Culshaw Thermal Imaging Herbert M. Runciman Calorimetry Measurement Sander van Herwaarden and Elina Iervolino Part VIII: Radiation Radioactivity Measurement Bert M. Coursey Radioactivity Detectors Larry A. Franks, Ralph B. James, and Larry S. Darken Charged-Particle Measurement John C. Armitage, Madhu S. Dixit, Jacques Dubeau, Hans Mes, and F. Gerald Oakham Neutron Measurement Steven M. Grimes Dosimetry Measurement Brian L. Justus, Mark A. Miller, and Alan L. Huston Part IX: Wireless Instrumentation Wireless Instrumentation J.P. Carmo and J.H. Correria Wireless Sensor Node Hardware Michael Healy, Thomas Newe, and Elfed Lewis Mobile Instrumentation with Wireless Design and Implementation Frederick Fortson and Kenneth Johnson Powering Autonomous Sensors Manel Gasulla, Maria Teresa Penella, and Oscar Lopez-Lapeña Wireless Sensing Technology Gregory C. Willden, Ben A. Abbott, and Ronald T. Green Telemetry Albert Lozano-Nieto Part X: Control and Human Factors PID Control F. Greg Shinskey Optimal Control and the Software Halit Eren Electropneumatic and Electrohydraulic Instruments: Modeling M. Pachter and C.H. Houpis Explosion-Proof Instruments Sam S. Khalilieh Measurement and Identification of DC Brush and Brushless Stepping Motors Stuart Schweid, Robert Lofthus, and John McInroy Human Factors in Displays Jeffrey D. Onken, Barrett S. Caldwell, and Steven A. Murray Appendix: Units and Conversions B.W. Petley Index

John G. Webster received his BS from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA and M.Sc and Ph.D from University of Rochester, New York, USA. A fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Instrument Society of America, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Society, and Institute of Physics, he served on the IEEE-EMBS Administrative Committee and NIH Surgery and Bioengineering Study Section, authored/co-authored and edited/co-edited numerous books and publications, and received the IEEE-EMBS Career Achievement Award. A highly cited researcher for King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, he is currently a professor emeritus at University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Halit Eren received his BS, M.Sc, and Ph.D from University of Sheffield, UK. He also obtained an MBA from Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia. He has served as an instrumentation engineer at Etibank, as well as an assistant professor for Hacettepe University and Middle East Technical University, all in Turkey. An author and co-editor of several books and publications, he was associate professor at Polytechnic University, Hong Kong and visiting professor at University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. A senior member of IEEE taking roles in Region 10 activities and various committees for organizing conferences, he is currently teaching and conducting research at Curtin University.