Jurists Uprooted German-Speaking Emigr? Lawyers in Twentieth Century Britain

As a result of the Nazi-regime, German law faculties lost just over a quarter of their members. Recent years have seen a growing body of literature on the contribution of scientists, historians, and literary and artistic figures who were forced to leave Germany and Austria after Hitler came to power. This volume is the first study of the important contribution of refugee and e migre legal scholars to the development of English law. It considers nineteen legal scholars originally trained in Germany or Austria, (fifteen of whom were expelled from their posts in the 1930s) and who made their home in England, and assesses their contribution to scholarship in a very different legal system from that which they left.

Recent years have seen a growing body of literature on the contribution of scientists, historians, and literary and artistic figures who were forced to leave Germany and Austria after Hitler came to power. This volume is the first study of the important contribution of refugee and émigré legal scholars to the development of English law. Those considered in the book are: E. J. Cohn, David Daube, Rudolf Graupner, Max Grünhut, Hermann Kantorowicz, Otto Kahn-Freund, Hersch Lauterpacht, Gerhard Leibholz, Kurt Lipstein, F. A. Mann, Hermann Mannheim, Lassa Oppenheim, Otto Prausnitz, Fritz Pringsheim, Gustav Radbruch, Clive Schmitthoff, Fritz Schulz, Georg Schwarzenberger, Walter Ullmann, Martin Wolff, and Wolfgang Friedmann. The scene is set by two introductory chapters which explore the general background to the exodus of the émigré scholars from Germany and to their arrival in the United Kingdom. The volume then moves on to analyse the scholars' backgrounds, histories, and intellectual bent as individuals, and evaluates their work and its impact on legal scholarship in both England and Germany. In those subjects where the influence of these scholars was particularly strong: public and private international law, Roman law, and comparative law; it considers how far, collectively, these German and Austrian educated refugees and émigrés shaped the development of the law. There are also a number of personal memoirs, including one by the surviving member of the group, Kurt Lipstein. These lawyers had received their first legal training in a civilian legal system, but in the UK they were faced by the less schematic, more pragmatic, common law. The differences between these legal traditions made it more difficult for them to adjust and to find suitable professional positions than was the case for refugee scientists, for example. However the differences gave them a unique perspective which is of particular interest today, when the relationships between the common law and the civilian legal systems of Europe are of growing theoretical and practical imporance.

Jack Beatson and Reinhard Zimmermann: Preface; Reinhard Zimmermann: 'Was Heimat hie?, nun hei?t es H?lle' The Emigration of Lawyers from Hitler's Germany: Political Background, Legal Framework, and Cultural Context; Jack Beatson: Aliens, Enemy Aliens, and Friendly Enemy Aliens: Britain as a Home for Emigr? and Refugee Lawyers; Wolfgang Ernst: Fritz Schulz (1879-1957); Tony Honor?: Fritz Pringsheim (1882-1967); Alan Rodger: David Daube (1909-1999); Peter Birks: Roman Law in Twentieth Century England; David Ibbetson: Hermann Kantorowicz (1877-1940) and Walter Ullmann (1910-1983); Mark Freedland: Otto Kahn-Freund (1900-1979); Werner Lorenz: Ernst J. Cohn (1904-1976); Tony Jolowicz: Comparative Law in Twentieth Century England; John Adams: Clive Macmillan Schmitthoff (1903-1990); Lawrence Collins: F. A. Mann (1907-1991); Gerhard Dannemann: Martin Wolff (1872-1953); Christopher Forsyth: Kurt Lipstein (1909-); Peter North: English Private International Law in Twentieth Century England; John Bell: Wolfgang Friedmann (1907-1972) (with an excursus on Gustav Radbruch [1978-1949]); Manfred Wiegandt: Gerhard Leibholz (1901-1982); Mathias Schmoeckel: Lassa Oppenheim (1858-1919); Martti Koskenniemi: Hersch Lauterpacht (1897-1960); Stephanie Steinle: Georg Schwarzenberger (1908-1991); James Crawford: Public International Law in Twentieth Century England; Roger Hood: Hermann Mannheim (1889-1974) and Max Gr?nhut (1893-1964); Peter Stein: Emigr? Legal Scholars in Britain; Barry Nicholas: German Refugees in Oxford - Some Personal Recollections; Christian v. Bar: Kurt Lipstein; Kurt Lipstein: Cambridge 1933-2002; Frank Wooldridge, Jack Beatson, and Reinhard Zimmermann: Appendix; Index

Sir Jack Beatson, FBA, is a Justice of the High Court, Queen's Bench Division, and former Rouse Ball Professor of English Law at the University of Cambridge. Reinhard Zimmermann, FBA, is Director of the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and Comparative Law, Hamburg; and Professor of Private Law, Roman Law, and Comparative Legal History at the University of Regensburg.