Humoral Factors in the Regulation of Tissue Growth Blood, Blood Vessels, Skeletal System, and Teeth

Experts in the field of endocrinology as well as ophthalmologists, oncologists, orthopedists and oral surgeons discuss the nature and mechanism of action of growth-stimulating substances whose biological and clinical activities in humans have been demonstrated or are being investigated. The monograph represents a good sampler of current basic and applied knowledge in the field.

1. Angiogenesis: Its Regulation in Health and Disease.- Angiogenesis in the Embryo.- Angiogenesis in the Postnatal State.- Diffusion Chambers and Avascular Tissues.- Growth and Inhibitory Factors in Capillary Growth.- Other Endothelial Cell Mitogens.- The Role of the Extracellular Matrix on Angiogenesis.- Inhibitors of Angiogenesis.- Angiogenesis in Health and Disease.- Summary.- 2. Growth Factors and the Retina: Normal Vascularization and Pathologic Neovascularization.- Normal and Pathologic Anatomy of the Retinal and Choroidal Blood Vessels.- The Role of Growth Factors in Normal and Pathologic Retinal Vascularization.- The Role of Ancillary Factors in Retinal Vascular Growth.- Models of Retinal and Subretinal Neovascularization.- Localization of Growth Factors in the Eye.- Summary.- 3. The Humoral Regulation of Normal and Pathologic Erythropoiesis.- Erythropoietin.- Interleukin-3.- Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor.- Erythroblast-Enhancing Factor.- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor.- Prostaglandins.- Other Hormones.- Inhibitors.- 4. Colony-Stimulating Factors in Leukopoiesis.- Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor.- Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor.- Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor.- Interleukin-1.- Interleukin-3.- Future Clinical Uses of CSFs.- 5. Regulation of Lymphocyte Proliferation, Differentiation, and Functional Activity by Peptide Growth Factors.- Interleukin-1.- Interleukin-2.- Interleukin-3.- Interleukin-4.- Interleukin-5.- Interleukin-6.- Interleukin-7.- Interleukin-8.- Interleukin-9.- Transforming Growth Factor-?.- Summary.- Biomedical Perspective.- 6. The Inhibitory Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines on Cell Proliferation.- Inhibitory Growth Factors.- Cytokines.- Conclusions.- 7. Cytokine Regulation of Hypothalamicand Pituitary Hormone Secretion.- Background.- Relationships Between IL-1, Stress, ACTH, and GH Secretion.- IL-1, the Hypothalamus, and Releasing Factor Hormones.- Conclusions.- 8. Bone Growth, Remodeling, and Repair: Interactions of Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Vitamin D, Growth Factors, and the Prostaglandins.- Macroscopic Structure of Bone.- Microscopic Structure of Bone.- Composition of Bone Matrix.- Bone Growth, Modeling, and Remodeling.- Bone Healing.- Hormonal Regulation of Bone Growth and Remodeling.- 9. Endocrine, Iatrogenic, and Nutritional Causes of Osteopenia.- Endocrine Osteopenia.- Iatrogenic Causes of Osteopenia.- Other Causes of Osteopenia.- 10. Bone Mineral Metabolism at the Menopause: Determinants and Markers.- Calcitropic Hormones.- “Epicalcitropic” Factors.- Biochemical Markers.- Serum Markers.- Urine Markers.- Local Factors.- Body Weight.- Genetic Factors.- Conclusion.- 11. Influence of Hypokinesia and Weightlessness on Jaw Bones and Teeth.- Hypokinesia.- Influence of Hypokinesia on Mandibular Bone and Teeth: Personal Investigations.- Results.- Discussion and Conclusions.- Weightlessness.- Some Effects of Weightlessness on Behavior and Metabolic Processes.- Effects on Jaw Bones and Teeth.- Final Comments.- 12. Humoral Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis.- Structure-Function Relationships of Joint Components.- Interplay of Humoral Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis.- 13. Endocrine Control of Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Growth and Repair.- Pituitary Gland.- Thyroid.- Parathyroid Hormone.- Adrenal Glands and Gonads.- Pancreas.- Epidermal Growth Factor.