I: Identity, Culture, and Context 1. Arab Region: Cultures, Values, and Identities Charles Harb 2. Race and Racialization: Demographic Trends and the Process of Reckoning Social Place Louise Cainkar 3. Acculturation and Enculturation: Ethnic Identity Socialization Processes Julie Hakim-Larson and Rosanne Menna 4. Religion and Religiosity: Christian and Muslim Faiths, Diverse Practices, and Psychological Correlates Mona M. Amer and Randa A. Kayyali5. Discrimination: Heightened Prejudice Post 9/11 and Psychological Outcomes Germine H. Awad and Wafa M. Amayreh 6. Community Activism: Advocacy, Identity Politics, and the Formation of a Collective Consciousness Caroline Nagel and Amelia Ayoob II: Lifespan Development 7. Youth Development: An Ecological Approach to Identity Kristine J. Ajrouch, Julie Hakim-Larson, and Rand Ramadan Fakih 8. Marriage and Family: Traditions and Practices Throughout the Family Life Cycle Juhayna Ajami, Sarah Rasmi, and Nuha Abudabbeh 9. Gender and Sexuality: Treading Complex Cultural Challenges Rita Stephan and Mireille Aprahamian 10. Aging and Later Life: Barriers and Adaptations Based on Immigration and Nativity Status Sonia Salari, Kristine J. Ajrouch, and May H. Aydin III: Special Populations 11. International Students: Understanding the Adjustment Process of Sojourners Ayse Çiftçi and Aieyat Zalzala12. Refugees and Forced Migrants: Seeking Asylum and Acceptance Maryam Kia-Keating, Sawssan R. Ahmed, and Sheila Modir IV: Behavioral Health 13. Psychological Wellbeing: Understanding Risk and Protective Factors Wahiba Abu-Ras 14. Trauma: Stress, Coping, and Emerging Treatment Models Ibrahim Aref Kira and Nancy Howells Wrobel15. Domestic Violence: Cultural Determinants, Reducing Risks, and Enhancing ResilienceAnahid Kulwicki 16. Tobacco Use: Cultural Influences on Consumption and Considerations for Intervention Linda G. Haddad, Mona M. Amer, and Emily R. Johnson 17. Alcohol and Drug Use: Prevalence, Predictors, and Interventions Cynthia L. Arfken and Emily R. Grekin 18. Health Disparities: Using a Framework to Understand the Correlates of Health and Disease StatusFlorence J. Dallo V: Applied Practice and Interventions 19. Help-Seeking: Traditional and Modern Ways of Knowing, and Insights for Mental Health PracticeAlean Al-Krenawi and John R. Graham 20. Psychological Assessment: Distinguishing the Clinically Relevant from the Culturally Unique Omar M. Mahmood and Sawssan R. Ahmed 21. Counseling: Settings, Clinical Considerations, and Counselor Cultural Competence Sylvia C. Nassar-McMillan, Mona D. Nour, and Aisha M. Al-Qimlass 22. Psychotherapy Models: Cultural Applications of Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavior, Family Systems, and Culture-Specific Approaches Fatimah El-Jamil and Sameera Ahmed 23. School Psychology: Enhancing School Climate and School Connectedness Karen L. Haboush and Hala Alyan 24. Health Psychology: The Interface between Psychology and Medicine Mark A. Lumley, Maisa S. Ziadni, Cynthia L. Arfken, and Adnan Hammad 25. Community-Based Programs: Ethnic-Specific Approaches to Optimizing Wellness Nadia S. Ansary and Raja Salloum VI: Methodology and Future Directions 26. Research Measures: Psychometric Methods and Challenges to Valid Assessment of Constructs Nancy Howells Wrobel 27. Research Considerations: Minimizing Mistrust and Maximizing Participation Karen J. Aroian 28. Research Scholarship: Critique of the Existing Literature and Visions for the Future Mona M. Amer and Germine H. Awad