Green Polymeric Nanocomposites

Covering fundamentals through applications, this book discusses environmentally friendly polymer nanocomposites and alternatives to traditional nanocomposites through detailed reviews of a variety of materials procured from different resources, their synthesis, and applications using alternative green approaches. The text:Describes green polymeric nanocomposites that show greater properties in terms of degradability, biocompatibility, synthesis process, cost effectiveness, mechanical strength, high surface area, nontoxicity, and environmental friendlinessExplains the basics of eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites from different natural resources and their chemistry Discusses practical applications that present future directions in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and automotive industriesThis book is aimed at scientists, researchers, and academics working in nanotechnology, biomaterials, polymer science, and those studying products derived from eco-friendly nanomaterials.

Chapter 1: Introduction about green molecules and present scenario and previous research on green polymer nanocomposites Neelamshobha Nirala1* Importance of green molecules …………………………………………………………..xxImportance of green nanoparticles…………………………………………….………..xxImportance of natural polymer…………………………………………………………..xxImportance of nanocomposites……………………………….…………………………..xxTypes of natural polymers with properties……………………………………………..xxWhy we combine natural polymers with green nanoparticles………………….……..xxPresent scenario and previous research on green polymer nanocomposites…………..xxComparative study of their synthesis process………………………..………………..xx1.8.1 In-situ polymerization………………………….………………………..xx1.8.2 Melt intercalation………………………………………………………..xx1.8.3 Exfoliation adsorption……………………….…………………………..xx1.9. Comparative study of their properties………………………………………………..xx1.10. Comparative study of their quality of assessment…………………………………..xx1.10.1 Infrared Spectroscopy………………………………………………..xx1.10.2 X-ray diffraction……………………………………………………..xx1.10.3 Wide Angle X-ray diffraction………………………………………..xx1.10.4 Fourier-transform infrared…………………………………………..xx1.10.5 Scanning Electron Microscope……………………..………………..xx1.10.6 Transmission Electron Microscope………………….……….……..xx1.10.7 Zeta Potential……………………………...………………………..xx1.10.8 Differential thermal analysis………………………………………..xx1.10.9 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis…………………………….………..xx1.11. Comparative study of their drawbacks………………………………….………..xx1.12. Conclusion……………………………………………..………………….………..xxChapter 2: Synthesis of Green Polymeric Nanocomposites using ElectrospinningSweta Naik, K. Chandrasekhar and J. Satya Eswari*Introduction…………………………………………………………………………............xxPrinciple of Electro-spinning………………………………………………………………xxEffect of Process Parameters on Electrospun Nanofibers……………….xxSolution Properties Parameters………………………………………….xxViscosity ………………………………………………………………...xxConcentration of the Solution…………………………………………...xxMolecular Weight – MW………………………………………………..xxSurface Tension –ST……………………………………………………xxSolution Conductivity…………………………………………………..xxVoltage Applied………………………………………………………....xxFeed Rate………………………………………………………………..xxFabrication Electro spun Nano-composites………………………………………………xxPoly ethylene oxide - PEO, poly-L-lactide-PLLA based formed oleic acid-coated magnetite nano-composites by electro-spinning……………….xxGelatin based Silver Na- nano-composites by electro-spinning………..xxChitosan Nanoparticles Self-Assembled from Electro spun Composite Nano-fibers……………………………………………………………xxPreparation of Electrospun Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Silver Nanoparticle Composite Fibers…………………..xxStarch-based composite scaffolds by electro-spinning……………….xxCharacterization of Electro spun Nano-composites…………………………………..xxMorphological characteristics………………………………………..xxStructural, compositional and physicochemical properties…………..xxMechanical strength………………………………………………….xxModelling and simulation................................................................................................xxModelling of the ES process…………………………………………xxJet initiation…………………………………………………………..xxJet thinning-JT………………………………………………………..xxJet solidification………………………………………………………..xxApplications of Electro spun Nanocomposites…………………………………………..xxWound dressing……………………………………………………...…xxFood Packing……...……………………………………………………xxWater and air filters……………………………………………….……xxSuper-capacitor and battery…………………………………………….xxTissue template…………………………………………………………xxDrug delivery and pharmaceutical composition………………………..xxCosmetics……………………………………………………………….xxFuel cell…………………………………………………………………xx2.7 Conclusion and Future Trends…………………………………………………………...xx2.8 References.............................................................................................................................xxChapter3: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites from Animal Origin polymer with green nanoparticlesSweta Naik, Anita Tirkey, Dr. J. Satya Eswari*Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..xxEco-friendly Bio fabrication of Polymeric Nanocomposite……………………………..xxCollagen /Gelatine based Nanocomposites…………………………………..xxSilk fibroin based Nanocomposites……………………………..……………xxAlginate based Nanocomposites……………...………………………………xxChitosan-based Nanocomposites……………………………………………..xxAlbumin based Nanocomposites…………………………………………...…xxHyaluronic acid-based composites……………………………………………xxOptimization of the Various Physicochemical Parameters………………………………xxSize and Surface Area of the nanocomposites………………………………..xxEffect of Particle Shape and Aspect Ratio……………………………………xxEffect of Aggregation and Concentration…………………………………….xxEffect of Surface Charge……………………………………………………..xxEffect of Surface Coating and Surface Roughness…………………………..xxEffect of Solvents/Medium…………………………………………………..xxPhysical Characterizations………………………………………………………………..xxNanocomposites, their Uses, and Applications…………………………………………..xxFood and Beverage Packaging………………………………………………..xxTissue engineering…………………………………………………………….xxDrug delivery system………………………………………………………….xxEnvironmental protection and wastewater treatment…………………………xxApplication in Cosmetics…………………………………….………….……xxMaking lightweight sensors with nanocomposites……………………………xxMaking flexible batteries by using nano-composites…………………………xxMaking tumors more visible and easy to remove…………………………….xxConclusion and Future Perspectives……………………………………………………....xxReferences…………………………………………………………………………………...xxChapter 4: Sources of natural polymers from plants with green nanoparticlesJ.Satya Eswari, K. Chandrasekhar, Sweta Naik, NK Prasanna Kumari, Aditya L Toppo and Dr. Veena Thakur*Introduction……………………………………………………………………………...…xxNatural Polymers…………………………………………………………………………..xxAgar and its composites…………………………………………………………xxNatural rubber…………………………………………………………………...xxPectin and its composites………………………………………………………..xxStarch……………………………………………………………………………xxCellulose and its composites……………………………………………………xxCarbohydrates and their composites…………………………………………....xxConclusion…………………………………………………………………………………xxReferences…………………………………………………………………………………xxChapter 5: Source of natural polymers from microorganisms with green nanoparticlesK. Chandrasekhar*, J. Satya Eswari, Prasun Kumar, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Potla Durthi Chandrasai, Enamala Manoj Kumar, Murthy Chavali5.1 Source of natural polymers from microbes with green nanoparticles …….………………. xx5.2 Dextran and their composites ……………………………………………………………... xx5.2.1 Dextran blend with sulfate coated chitosan ………………………………….…….. xx5.2.2 Dextran mixture using curcumin ………………….……………………………….. xx5.3 Xanthan and their composites ……………………………………………………………. xx5.3.1 Xanthan gum mixture using poly(acrylamide) …………….………………………. xx5.3.2 Xanthan mixture using polypyrrole ………………………………………………... xx5.3.3 Xanthan gum mixture using polyaniline ………………….……………………….. xx5.4 Bacterial Alginate and their composites …………….……………………………………. xx5.5 Bacterial cellulose and their composites ……………………….…………………………. xx5.5.1 Scaffold ……………………………………………………………………………. xx5.5.2 Cornea …………………………..………………………………………………….. xx5.5.3 Heart valves ……………………………..…………………………………………. xx5.5.4 Blood vessels …………………………………….………………………………… xx5.5.5 Bone and cartilage ………………………………………………………………….. xx5.6 Microbial Hyaluronic Acid and their composites …………………...……………………. xx5.6.1 Hyaluronic acid grafted using polyacrylic acid ………………….………………… xx5.6.2 Hyaluronic blend acid using polypyrrole ……………………………………....…... xx5.6.3 Hyaluronic acid mixture using poly(ethylene glycol) ……………………………… xx5.6.4 Hyaluronic acid mixture by poly(Ne-acryloyl l-lysine) ……………………………. xx5.6.5 Hyaluronic acid mixture using poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) ………………….…… xx5.7 Polyhydroxyalkanoates and their composites ……………………………………………. xx5.8 Pullulan ………………………………………………………………………………...… xx5.9 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….… xxChapter 6: Enhancement of Polymeric Material Surface Properties Using Various Surface Modification TechniquesM.C. Ramkumar, K. Navaneetha Pandiyaraj*, P.V.A. Padmanabhan, P

Dr. Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu is currently working as an Assistant Professor inthe Department of Biotechnology at National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur,India. Her fields of specialization include bioinformatics, biotechnology, and processmodeling, evolutionary optimization, and artificial intelligence. She has morethan 35 publications in SCI/Scopus-indexed journals and 35 proceedings in internationaland national conferences. Her research contributions have received wideglobal citations. She has also published six book chapters and four books (currentlyin press) with international publishers. She is an active member of various organizationsand has received various awards.Dr. Krishna Mohan Poluri is currently working as an Associate Professor in theBiotechnology Department, IIT-Roorkee. He earned his PhD from Tata Institute ofFundamental Research TIFR–Mumbai, and Post-doc from Rutgers University andUniversity of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB–Texas). His areas of expertise arestructural biology, protein engineering, biomolecular interactions, glycoimmunologyand structure-based design of therapeutics and scaffolds, bionanotechnologyand algal biotechnology, etc. He has published 85 publications, including researcharticles, editorials, books, and book chapters in various reputed international journals.He has authored the book Protein Engineering Techniques. Dr. Poluri is alsoa guest editor/editorial board member and ad hoc reviewer for several internationalresearch journals. He has won several awards and fellowships for his research work,most prominently the Young Scientist Award from the Indian Science CongressAssociation (ISCA), 2009, National Academy of Sciences India (NASI), 2014, andInnovative Young Biotechnologist Award (IYBA), 2013, by DBT.