Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids

This book contains the lecture notes for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on th Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids held April 12th_16 , 2000 in Heraklion, Crete, Greece. This was the fIrst international meeting devoted to research in the area of ionic liquids (salts with melting points below 100 0c), and was intended to explore the promise of ionic liquids as well as to set a research agenda for the fIeld. It was the fIrst international meeting dedicated to the study and application of ionic liquids as solvents, and forty-one scientists and engineers from academia, industry, and government research laboratories (as well as six industry observers and four student assistants) met to discuss the current and future status of the application of ionic liquids to new green industrial technologies. It was immediately clear that the number of organic chemists and engineers working in the fIeld needed to be increased. It was also clear that the declining interest in high temperature molten salts and subsequent increase in low melting ionic liquid solvents had not yet taken hold in Eastern Europe. Participants from NATO Partner Countries contributed signifIcant expertise in high temperature molten salts and were able to take back a new awareness and interest in ionic liquid solvents.

Potential for Use of Ionic Liquids in Czech Industry.- Potential to Apply Ionic Liquids in Industry: Exemplified for the Use as Solvents in Industrial Applications of Homogeneous Catalysis.- Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Ethylbenzene Production.- Applications of Ionic Liquids to Biphasic Catalysis.- High-Temperature NMR Studies of Ionic-Liquid Catalysts.- Ionic Liquids as Alternatives to Traditional Organic and Inorganic Solvents.- The Pros and Cons of Using Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Industry.- Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Replacements for Traditional Organic Solvents and their Applications towards “Green Chemistry” in Separation Processes.- Application of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids to the Chemical Processing of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks.- Room-Temperature Sulfur Chloride Ionic Liquids in Processes for the Isolation of Noble and Other Metals.- Ionic Liquids for Oil Shale Treatment.- Ionic Liquids in the Nuclear Industry: Solutions for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle.- Non-Invasive Spectroscopic On-Line Methods to Monitor Industrial Processes: A Review.- Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Sulfuric Acid Production and Cleaning of Flue Gases.- Modelling the Liquid Behaviour of Ionic Liquids.- The Challenges of Building a Molten Salt Database.- The Past, Present and Future of Ionic Liquids as Battery Electrolytes.- Radical-Ion Melts of Aluminium, Gallium and Sulfur Halides for Novel Power Sources.- Electrochemistry of Niobium, Tantalum and Titanium in Low-Temperature Carbamide-Halide Melts.- Electrochemistry of Niobium in Rubidium and Caesium Halide and Oxohalide Melts, and the Electrochemical Synthesis of Novel Niobium Compounds.- Photochemistry in Ionic Liquids.- Ionic Liquids Derived from Natural Products and Other Novel Chemistries: Synthesis and Chemistryof Ionic Liquids Composed of Functionalised Ions.- Ionic Liquids and Supercritical CO2.- Acids and Bases in Ionic Liquids.- Ionic Liquid Crystals as Universal Matrices (Solvents): Main Criteria for Ionic Mesogenicity.- Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Organic Synthesis.- East-West Collaboration within the NATO Science Programme: Opportunities and Project Management.- Alkane and Cycloalkane Transformations in Superelectrophilic Liquids.- The Dissolution of Kerogen in Ionic Liquids.- Electrochemical Synthesis of Volatile Metal Complexes, as Precursors for Functional Material Synthesis by the CVD Method.- Environmentally Appropriate Technologies and Resource Saving in High- Temperature Electrochemical Synthesis, Deposition of Metal Coatings on Superhard Materials, and Processing of Used Cutting and Boring Tools.- Synthesis of Polymeric Forms of Phosphorus.