Fundamentals of Seismic Loading on Structures

This text provides a concise reference source on seismic loading, design and analysis for postgraduate students, researchers and practising engineers, allowing the reader to quickly translate and implement research findings in a working environment. Throughout the text, the author has set out information about the design process and associated mathematics in an accessible format, always backing this up with worked out examples from actual research projects. The book opens with a comprehensive introduction to earthquakes and related engineering problems, including seismic waves, focus and epicentre and base line correction. Sen then examines response systems, mainly single degree of freedom (SDOF) and multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, exploring linear and non-linear response, and analytical methods. The following two chapters look at ground motion in the context of power spectrum, and ground motion characteristics and response spectra. In this section, the reader is also introduced to computational schemes, before moving on to loading provisions in codes and uniform hazard spectra (UHS). The last two chapters focus on design concepts, firstly inelastic design, studying soil-structure interaction (SSI) issues and problems, then outlining the concepts, methodology and status of performance-based earthquake engineering.

Contents Preface Acknowledgements Organization of this book 1 Introduction to Earthquakes 1.1 A Historical Perspective 1.2 The Nature of Earthquakes 1.3 Plate Tectonics 1.4 Focus and Epicentre 1.5 Seismic Waves 1.6 Seismometers 1.7 Magnitude and Intensity 1.8 Reids Elastic Rebound Theory 1.9 Significant Milestones in Earthquake Engineering 1.10 Seismic Tomography 1.11 References 2 Single Degree of Freedom Systems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Free Vibration 2.3 Periodic Forcing Function 2.4 Arbitrary Forcing Function 2.5 References 3 Systems with Many Degrees of Freedom 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Lumped Parameter Systems with Two Degrees of Freedom 3.3 Lumped Parameter Systems with more than Two Degrees of Freedom 3.4 Mode Superposition 3.5 Damping Orthogonality 3.6 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis 3.7 References 4 Basics of Random Variations 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Concepts of Probability 4.3 Harmonic Analysis 4.4 Numerical Integration Scheme for Frequency Content 4.5 A Worked Example (Erzincan, 1992) 4.6 References 5 Ground Motion Characteristics 5.1 Characteristics of Ground Motion 5.2 Ground Motion Parameters 5.3 References 6 Introduction to Response Spectra 6.1 General Concepts 6.2 Design Response Spectra 6.3 Site Dependent Response Spectra 6.4 Inelastic Response Spectra 6.5 References 7 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic Steps in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PHSA) 7.3 Guide to Analytical Steps 7.4 PHSA as introduced by Cornell 7.5 Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques 7.6 Construction of Uniform Hazard Spectrum 7.7 Further Computational Considerations 7.8 References 8 Code Provisions 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Static Force Procedure 8.3 IBC 2006 8.4 Eurocode 8 8.5 A Worked Example (IBC 2000) 8.6 References 9 Inelastic and Design Concepts 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Behaviour of Beam Columns 9.3 Full Scale Laboratory Tests 9.4 Concepts and Issues: Frames Subjected to Seismic Loading 9.5 Proceeding with Dynamic Analysis (MDOF Systems) 9.6 Behaviour of Steel Members under Cyclic Loading 9.7 Energy Dissipating Devices 9.8 References 10 Soil- Structure Interaction Issues 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Definition of the Problem 10.3 Damaging Effects due to Amplification 10.4 Damaging Effects due to Liquefaction 10.5 References 11 Liquefaction 11.1 Definition and Description 11.2 Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance 11.3 Liquefaction Analysis Worked Example 11.4 SPT Correlation for Assessing Liquefaction 11.5 Influence of Fines Content 11.6 Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Clay (Cohesive) Soil 11.7 Construction of Foundations of Structures in the Earthquake Zones Susceptible to Liquefaction 11.8 References 12 Performance Based Seismic Engineering An Introduction 12.1 Preamble 12.2 Background to Current Developments 12.3 Performance-Based Methodology 12.4 Current Analysis Procedures 12.5 Second Generation Tools for PBSE 12.6 References Index