European Technology Policy in Germany The Impact of European Community Policies upon Science and Technology in Germany

1. 1 Purpose of the Study When the Agreement for the Foundation of the European Economic Community (EC Treaty) was extended and changed by the Single European Act (SEA), ratified by all the Member States of the European Community (EC) in July 1987, research and techno­ logical development were placed for the first time on an equal footing with other politi­ cal competences of the EC. In the newly added Articles 130 f - q of the EC Treaty the aims and policy measures are clearly formulated, thus giving the EC a real competence to act. The main aim of European research and technological development policy (RID policy) is (according to Article 130f of the SEA) to strengthen the scientific and technical basis of European industry and the development of its international competitiveness, to support transnational cooperation between industry and science, and to integrate the area of research and technological development into the general concept for the realisation of the internal market of the European Community. The main instruments of European RID policy are the "Community Framework Pro­ grammes", running for several years, in which the aims, priorities and fmancial dimen­ sions are defmed for a period of four to five years.

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Purpose of the Study.- 1.2 Subject of the Study.- 1.3 Methods.- 1.4 Structure of the Study.- 2. The RTD Policy of Germany and the European Community.- 2.1 The German Research Landscape.- 2.2 RTD Policy of the European Community.- 2.3 Interfaces between German and Community Policy.- 3. The Structure of German Participants in the Second Framework Programme.- 3.1 DataBase.- 3.2 Structure of Participants according to Types of Institutions.- 3.3 Structure according to Participants’ Position in Project Consortium.- 3.4 Participation in Specific Programmes.- 3.5 Regional Distribution.- 3.6 Summary and Conclusions.- 4. Importance of EC RTD Policy and its Influence on Enterprises.- 4.1 Characteristics of Participants and Non-participants in the Survey.- 4.2 Description of Sample and Comparison with Basic Population.- 4.3 Importance and Strategic Significance for Participating Enterprises.- 4.4 Reasons and Aims of Participation, Results and Success Factors.- 4.5 Impacts on Participating Enterprises.- 4.6 Importance of EC RTD Policy for Non-participating Enterprises.- 4.7 The Future Development of National and Community Policy.- 4.8 Summary and Conclusions.- 5. Importance of EC RTD Policy and its Influence on Institutes of Higher Education.- 5.1 Characteristics of Participants and Non-participants in the Survey.- 5.2 Description of Sample and Comparison with Basic Population.- 5.3 Importance and Strategic Role for Participating Institutes.- 5.4 Reasons and Aims of Participation, Results and Success Factors.- 5.5 Impacts on Participating Institutes.- 6. The Importance of EC RTD Policy and its Influence on Non-university R&D Institutes.- 6.1 Characteristics of Participants and Non-participants in the Survey.- 6.2 Importance and Strategic Significance forParticipants.- 6.3 Reasons and Aims for Participation, Results and Success Factors.- 6.4 Impacts on Participating R&D Institutes.- 6.5 Importance of EC RTD Policy for Non-participating R&D Institutes.- 6.6 The Future Development of National and Community Policy.- 6.7 Summary and Conclusions.- 7. RTD Support and the New Länder.- 7.1 The Special Situation of Research Institutions in the New Länder.- 7.2 Empirical Basis of the Results.- 7.3 Indications from East German Participants.- 7.4 Characteristics of Non-participants in the New Länder.- 7.5 Future Importance of EC RTD Policy.- 7.6 Summary and Conclusions.- 8. Assessment and Conclusions: Impact of Community Policy for the German Research Landscape.- 8.1 Importance and Scope of Community Technology Policy.- 8.2 Character and Aims of EC Projects.- 8.3 Results and Impacts on German Actors.- 8.4 Impacts on Policy.- 9. Outlook.- References.- Annex: Tables and Figures.