Engineered Bamboo Structures

Bamboo is in the spotlight as a potential building material in the current pursuit of a CO2-neutral society, due to its rapid maturation and excellent mechanical properties. Despite the growing interest in bamboo in academia and society, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the fabrication, design and construction processes using bamboo as a modern industrial material. This is the first book to describe a new category of structural systems constructed with engineered bamboo. It gives a definition of engineered bamboo (glubam) in an analogy with steel structures and wood structures. Structural systems and components have been designed using glubam; then industrialized production processes of glubam are described. Based on state-of-the-art research, design guidelines are suggested, in a comparable and parallel approach to the existing guidelines for composite wood structures. The book also discusses bamboo structures in the context of sustainable development, including the benefits of using bamboo as an alternative or replacement for wood, especially for developing countries, many of which are faced with the lack or destruction of forest resources.

Chapter 1 Introduction - Bamboo for Carbon Neutral Development 1.1 Bamboo Resources 1.2Bamboo as A Modern Building Material 1.3 Bamboo Structures 1.3.1 Construction Using Round Bamboo Culms 1.3.2 Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Structure 1.3.3 Engineered Bamboo Composites 1.3.4. Engineered Bamboo v.s. Engineered Timber Structures 1.4 Code and Standard Issues 1.4.1. Relevant Wood Standards 1.4.2. Standards and Specifications for Bamboo 1.5 Bamboo for Sustainable Future References in Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Production of Engineered Bamboo 2.1 Definition of Glubam 2.2 Manufacturing Process Of Laminated Bamboo Boards 2.2.1 Laminated Thick-Strip Bamboo Board 2.2.2 Laminated Thin-Strip Bamboo Board – Plybamboo 2.3 Cold-pressing Process of Glubam 2.4 Environmental Assessment of Glubam Production 2.4.1 Analysis of Total Energy Consumption of Production 2.4.2 Analysis of Carbon Emissions 2.5 Emerging Technologies 2.5.1 Flattened Bamboo 2.5.2 High Frequency Hot Press Lamination 2.5.3 Bamboo Filament Winding 2.5.4 Cross Laminated Bamboo and Timber (CLBT) 2.5.5 Automation References in Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Material Properties of Glubam 3.1 Basic Physical Properties of GluBam 3.2 Research Background of Mechanical Properties of Engineered Bamboo 3.3 Basic Mechanical Properties of Engineered Bamboo 3.3.1 Relevancy of Existing Specifications 3.3.2 Tensile properties 3.3.3 Compressive behavior 3.3.4 Bending resistance of GluBam 3.3.5 Shear performance 3.3.6 Torsional Behaviors of Glubam 3.3.7 Comparison of Basic Mechanical Properties of Engineered Bamboo 3.4 Stress-strain Models for Engineered Bamboo 3.5 Long-term Creep Properties of GluBam 3.6 Aging Behavior of Glubam 3.6.1 Accelerated Aging Tests 3.6.2 Aging Test Specimens and Treatment 3.6.3 Test results and Analysis 3.7 Behavior of Engineered Bamboo under High-strain Rate Loading 3.7.1 Pendulum Impact Behavior 3.7.2 High-strain Rate Compressive Behavior 3.8 Thermal and Fire Behavior of Engineered Bamboo 3.8.1 Thermal effects 3.8.2 Flammability and Fire Behavior of Glubam 3.9 Acoustic Properties of Engineered Bamboo 3.10 Future Research Need and Research Update References in Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Design Strength of Glubam 4.1 Specified and Characteristic Material Properties 4.1.1 Quality assurance 4.1.2 Characteristic properties 4.2 Allowable Stress Design (ASD) 4.2.1 General concept of ASD 4.2.2 ASD based Previous Chinese code 4.2.3 US ASD Design 4.3 Limit State Design Recommendations for Glubam Structures 4.3.1 Recommendation Following Chinese GB Code 4.3.2 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 4.3.3 Limit State Design Based on European Code EC-5 4.3.4 Summary of Design Strength Values 4.4 Future Code Development References in Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Connections in Glubam Structures 5.1 Brief Review of Connections used in Timber Structures 5.2 Embedment Strength of Glubam 5.2.1 Experimental Programs 5.2.2 Embedment loading behaviors 5.2.3 Embedment strength 5.2.4 Embedment strength of different glubams 5.2.5 Embedment strength of glubam in arbitrary directions 5.3 Compressive Behavior of Bolted Glubam Joints 5.3.1 Compression Test Program 5.3.2 Experimental Results 5.3.3 Failure Analysis of Bolted Glubam Joints 5.4 Tensile Behavior of Bolted Glubam Joints 5.4.1 Tensile Test Programs 5.4.2 Failure Modes and Load-displacement Relationships 5.4.3 Discussions on Strength of Bolted Connection 5.5 Design Considerations of Bolted Glubam Connections 5.6 Toothed Metal Mending Plate Connected Glubam Joints 5.6.1 Materials and Tensile Strength of Toothed Metal Plate 5.6.2 Tensile Behaviors of Toothed Metal Mending Plated Glubam Joints 5.6.3 Shear Behaviors of Toothed Metal Mending Plated Glubam Joints 5.7 Glued-in Rebar Glubam Joints 5.7.1 Materials and Testing Methods 5.7.2 Experimental Results 5.7.3 Pull-out Strength 5.7.4 Glued-in CFRP Rebar Glubam Joints 5.7.5 Elastic Analysis of Pull-out Mechanisms 5.8 Summary of Glubam Connections References in Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Performance of Glubam Structural Members 6.1 Glubam Bending Members 6.1.1 Design Concepts of Glubam Beams 6.1.2 Summary of Experimental Behaviors 6.1.3 Flexural Stiffness 6.1.4 Flexural Capacities 6.1.5 Moment – Curvature Analysis 6.1.6 Design Considerations for Glubam Beams 6.2 Research Updates on Various Glubam Beams 6.2.1 FRP Enhanced Glubam Beams 6.2.2 Long-term Creep Behavior of Glubam Girders 6.2.3 Fatigue Performance of Glubam Beams 6.3 Glubam I-joists 6.4 Bamboo Concrete Composite (BCC) Beams 6.5 Glubam Members Subjected to Tension 6.6 Glubam Members Subjected to Compression 6.6.1 Columns and Members under Axial Compression 6.6.2 Buckling Theory and Research Background on Timber Columns 6.6.3 Behaviors of Glubam Columns and Analytical Capacities 6.7 Future Research Needs for Engineered Bamboo Components References in Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Glubam Trusses 7.1 Roof Truss Design 7.2 Simple Triangular Glubam Trusses 7.3 Analysis of Glubam Trusses 7.4 Toothed Metal-Plate Connected Glubam Trusses 7.5 Other Types of Glubam Trusses Hybrid Spatial Trusses 7.5.1 Comparison of Conventional and String-beam Truss Systems 7.5.2 Steel - Glubam Hybrid Trusses 7.6 Summary of Glubam Trusses References in Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Engineered Bamboo Structural Walls 8.1 Types of Lightweight Frame Structural Walls Involving Bamboo 8.1.1 Bamboo Panel Sheathed Lightweight Woodframe Walls 8.1.2 Bamboo Panel Sheathed Cold-formed Light-gauge Steel Frame Walls 8.1.3 Glubam Lightweight Frame Walls 8.1.4 Round Bamboo-culm Frame Walls 8.2 Seismic Behavior of Lightweight Bamboo Walls 8.2.1 Plybamboo Sheathed Woodframe Wall 8.2.2 Testing Method 8.2.3 Experimental Performance 8.3 Seismic Analysis of Glubam Shear Walls 8.4 Thermal Performance of Lightweight Frame Walls 8.5 Fire Performance 8.6 Design Recommendations References in Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Design and Construction of Engineered Bamboo Structures 9.1 Modular Mobile Buildings 9.1.1 Modular Panel Units 9.1.2 Modular Mobile Building Design 9.1.3 Construction of Prefabricated Glubam Houses 9.2 Performance Evaluation of Glubam Mobile Buildings 9.2.1 Lateral Resistance of Prefabricated Glubam Mobile House 9.2.2 Comparative Fire-resistance Tests Between Glubam and Light-gauge steel Mobile Houses 9.2.3 Wind Resistance and Water-tightness Study 9.2.4 The Great Wenchuan Earthquake Relief Efforts 9.3 Lightweight Glubam Frame Buildings 9.3.1 Basic Design Features of Lightweight Glubam Frame Structures 9.3.2 Vertical Load Transfer Mechanisms 9.3.3 Lateral Load Transfer Mechanisms 9.4 Performance of Lighweight Glubam Frame Buildings 9.4.1 Seismic Behavior 9.4.2 Fire Performance 9.4.3 In-room Air Quality Evaluation 9.5 Design Example of Lightweight Glubam Frame House 9.5.1 Computation of Loads 9.5.2 Design of Structural Components 9.6 Glubam Heavy Frame Structures 9.6.1 Glubam Single Story Frames 9.6.2 Design Example of A Multi-story Glubam Frame Building References in Chapter 9 Appendix - Index

Yan Xiao is a Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering, Director of Energy, Environment and Sustainable Systems Sciences Center, in the Zhejiang University – University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Joint Institute (ZJUI). He is also a research professor in the Sonny Astany Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, where he has been a faculty member since 1994, and was promoted to tenured full professor in 2007. Dr. Xiao received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Tianjin University, China, in 1982, his Master and Doctor of Engineering degrees from Kyushu University, Japan, in 1986 and 1989, respectively. Xiao’s professional and academic experiences also include research engineer at Aoki Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, Post-doctoral fellow, Lecturer and Assistant Research Scientist at the University of California, San Diego. He was previously the Dean of the Civil Engineering College at the Hunan University, and the Nanjing Tech University. Prof. Xiao serves as an associate editor for the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Journal of Structural Engineering, Journal of Bridge Engineering, and editorial board member of the Elsevier Journal of Constructional Steel Research. He is an elected fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and fellow of American Concrete Institute (ACI). He holds a Professional Engineer license in California. Prof. Xiao is an expert in structural engineering with overall goal towards sustainable development, and has made well known contributions in areas related to confined concrete, hybrid and composite structures, applications of advanced composites, retrofit/repair of structures, impact effects, and large-scale experimentation, etc. He has carried out numerous important research projects as principle investigator, including US NSF projects, US-FEMA and FHWA projects, NSF China National Key Research Projects, General projects, etc. His recent research and industrial development efforts are focused on developing modern bamboo structures with the goal of promoting environmentally and eco-friendly construction. He holds many patents and the award-winning technology glubam. In 2008, he was awarded the Best of What’s New in 2008 by the Popular Science Magazine, and was named as the Innovator of 2008. He also made important impact in integrated protection of engineering structures, particularly related to earthquake and other man-made hazards mitigation. He has more than 400 publications including more than 120 SCI indexed papers.