Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering Analysis and Design, Third Edition

Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design is devoted to the exploration and explanation of modern power transmission engineering theory and practice. Designed for senior-level undergraduate and beginning-level graduate students, the book serves as a text for a two-semester course or, by judicious selection, the material may be condensed into one semester. Written to promote hands-on self-study, it also makes an ideal reference for practicing engineers in the electric power utility industry. Basic material is explained carefully, clearly, and in detail, with multiple examples. Each new term is defined as it is introduced. Ample equations and homework problems reinforce the information presented in each chapter. A special effort is made to familiarize the reader with the vocabulary and symbols used by the industry. Plus, the addition of numerous impedance tables for overhead lines, transformers, and underground cables makes the text self-contained. The Third Edition is not only up to date with the latest advancements in electrical power transmission system engineering, but also: Provides a detailed discussion of flexible alternating current (AC) transmission systems Offers expanded coverage of the structures, equipment, and environmental impacts of transmission lines Features additional examples of shunt fault analysis using MATLAB® Also included is a review of the methods for allocating transmission line fixed charges among joint users, new trends and regulations in transmission line construction, a guide to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) electric transmission facilities permit process and Order No. 1000, and an extensive glossary of transmission system engineering terminology. Covering the electrical and mechanical aspects of the field with equal detail, Electrical Power Transmission System Engineering: Analysis and Design, Third Edition supplies a solid understanding of transmission system engineering today.

Part I: Electrical Design and AnalysisTransmission System PlanningIntroductionAging Transmission SystemBenefits of TransmissionPower PoolsTransmission PlanningTraditional Transmission System Planning TechniquesModels Used in Transmission System PlanningTransmission Route Identification and SelectionTraditional Transmission System Expansion PlanningTraditional Concerns for Transmission System PlanningNew Technical ChallengesTransmission Planning After Open AccessPossible Future Actions by FERCReferencesTransmission Line Structures and EquipmentIntroductionThe Decision Process to Build a Transmission LineDesign TradeoffsTraditional Line Design PracticeTransmission Line StructuresSubtransmission LinesTransmission SubstationsSF6-Insulated SubstationsTransmission Line ConductorsInsulatorsSubstation GroundingGround Conductor Sizing FactorsMesh Voltage Design CalculationsStep Voltage Design CalculationsTypes of Ground FaultsGround Potential RiseTransmission Line GroundsTypes of GroundingTransformer ClassificationsEnvironmental Impact of Transmission LinesTransformer ConnectionsAutotransformers in Transmission SubstationsTransformer SelectionTransformer ClassificationsReferencesFundamental ConceptsIntroductionFactors Affecting Transmission GrowthStability ConsiderationsPower Transmission Capability of a Transmission LineSurge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of a Transmission LineLoadability CurvesCompensationShunt CompensationSeries CompensationFlexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)Static Var Control (SVC)Static Var SystemsThyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)Static CompensatorThyristor-Controlled Braking ResistorSuperconducting Magnetic Energy Systems (SMES)Subsynchronous ResonanceUse of Static Compensation to Prevent Voltage Collapse or InstabilityEnergy Management SystemSupervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)Advanced SCADA ConceptsSubstation ControllersSix-Phase Transmission LinesReferencesOverhead Power Transmission IntroductionReview of BasicsConstant Impedance Representation of LoadsThree-Winding TransformersAutotransformersDelta-Wye and Wye-Delta TransformationsTransmission Line ConstantsTables of Line ConstantsEquivalent Circuits for Transmission LinesShort Transmission Lines (up to 50 mi or 80 km)Medium-Length Transmission Lines (up to 150 mi or 240 km)Long Transmission Lines (above 150 mi or 240 km)General Circuit ConstantsBundled ConductorsEffect of Ground on Capacitance of Three-Phase LinesEnvironmental Effects of Overhead Transmission LinesAdditional Solved Numerical Examples for the Transmission Line CalculationsReferencesProblemsUnderground Power Transmission and Gas Insulated Transmission LinesIntroductionUnderground CablesUnderground Cable Installation TechniquesElectrical Characteristics of Insulated CablesSheath Currents in CablesPositive- and Negative-Sequence Reactance Zero-Sequence Resistance and ReactanceShunt Capacitive ReactanceCurrent-Carrying Capacity of CablesCalculation of Impedances of Cables in ParallelEHV Underground Cable TransmissionGas-Insulated Transmission LinesLocation of Faults in Underground CablesReferencesProblemsDirect Current Power TransmissionBasic DefinitionsIntroductionOverhead High Voltage DC TransmissionComparison of Power Transmission Capacity of High Voltage DC and ACHigh Voltage DC Transmission Line InsulationThree-Phase Bridge ConverterRectificationPer-Unit Systems and NormalizingInversionMultibridge (B-Bridge) Converter StationsPer-Unit Representation of B-Bridge Converter StationsOperation of Direct Current Transmission LinkStability of ControlUse of FACTS and HVDC to Solve Bottleneck Problems in the Transmission NetworksHigh Voltage Power Electronic SubstationsAdditional Commends on HVDC Converter StationsReferencesProblemsTransient Overvoltages and Insulation CoordinationIntroductionTraveling WavesEffects of Line TerminationsJunction of Two LinesJunction of Several LinesTermination in Capacitance and InductanceBewley Lattice DiagramSurge Attenuation and DistortionTraveling Waves on Three-Phase LinesLightning and Lightning Surges Shielding Failures of Transmission LinesLightning Performance of UHV LinesStroke Current MagnitudeShielding Design MethodsSwitching and Switching Surges Overvoltage ProtectionInsulation Coordination Geomagnetic Disturbances and Their Effects on Power System OperationsReferencesProblemsLimiting Factors for Extra-High and Ultra-High Voltage Transmission IntroductionCoronaRadio NoiseAudible NoiseConductor Size SelectionReferencesProblemsSymmetrical Components and Fault AnalysisIntroductionSymmetrical ComponentsThe Operator "a"Resolution of Three-Phase Unbalanced System of Phasors into its Symmetrical ComponentsPower in Symmetrical ComponentsSequence Impedances of Transmission LinesSequence Capacitances of Transmission LineSequence Impedances of Synchronous MachinesZero-Sequence NetworksSequence Impedances of TransformersAnalysis of Unbalanced FaultsShunt FaultsSeries FaultsDetermination of Sequence Network Equivalents for Series FaultsSystem GroundingElimination of SLG Fault Current by Using Peterson CoilsSix-Phase SystemsReferencesProblemsProtective Equipment and Transmission System ProtectionIntroductionInterruption of Fault Current High Voltage Circuit BreakersCircuit Breaker SelectionDisconnect SwitchesLoad-Break SwitchesSwitchgearThe Purpose of Transmission Line ProtectionDesign Criteria for Transmission Line ProtectionZones of ProtectionPrimary and Backup ProtectionReclosingTypical Relays Used on Transmission LinesComputer Applications in Protective RelayingReferencesProblemsTransmission System ReliabilityBasic DefinitionsNational Electric Reliability CouncilIndex of ReliabilitySection 209 of PURPA of 1978Basic Probability TheoryCombinational AnalysisProbability DistributionsBasic Reliability ConceptsSystems with Repairable ComponentsReliability Evaluation of Complex SystemsMarkov ProcessesTransmission System Reliability MethodsReferencesProblemsPart II: Mechanical Design and AnalysisConstruction of Overhead LinesIntroductionFactors Affecting Mechanical Design of Overhead LinesCharacter of Line RouteRight-of-WayMechanical Loading Required ClearancesType of Supporting Structures Mechanical Calculations Grade of ConstructionLine ConductorsInsulator TypesJoint Use by Other UtilitiesConductor VibrationConductor Motion Caused by Fault CurrentsReferencesProblemsSag and Tension AnalysisIntroductionEffect of Change in TemperatureLine Sag and Tension CalculationsSpans of Unequal Length: Ruling SpanEffects of Ice and Wind LoadingNational Electric Safety CodeLine LocationConstruction TechniquesReferencesProblemsAppendix A: Impedance Tables for Overhead Lines, Transformers, and Underground CablesAppendix B: Methods for Allocating Transmission Line Fixed Charges Among Joint UsersAppendix C: New Trends and RegulationAppendix D: A Guide to the FERC Electric Transmission Facilities Permit ProcessAppendix E: Standard Device Numbers Used in Protection SystemsAppendix F: Order No. 1000 of Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionAppendix G: Unit Conversions from the English System to SI SystemAppendix H: Unit Conversions from the SI System to English SystemAppendix I: Classroom Example to Select Conductors for an EHV Transmission Line DesignAppendix J: Additional Solved Examples of Shunt FaultsAppendix K: Additional Solved Examples of Shunt Faults Using MATLAB®Appendix L: Glossary for Transmission System Engineering TerminologyIndex

Turan Gönen received a BS and MS from Istanbul Technical College, MS and two Ph.Ds from Iowa State University, and MBA from University of Oklahoma. He has held positions at University of Missouri–Columbia, University of Missouri–Rolla, University of Oklahoma, Iowa State University, Florida International University, and Ankara Technical College; served as a design engineer and consultant in US and international power industries; and written over 100 technical papers and five books. An IEEE fellow and IIE senior member, he is currently professor of electrical engineering and director of the Electrical Power Educational Institute at California State University, Sacramento.