DNA — Technology and Its Forensic Application

All up-to-date aspects of DNA technology are discussed partly in review lectures but mostly in research articles in this volume: new methods, population statistics for different restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's), new developments dealing with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), biostatistical aspects of single locus and multi locus profiles as well as examples of practical applications in paternity testing and forensic stain analysis. Contributors to this volume include most internationally acclaimed researchers in this field. Besides facts that are primarily of interest to forensic scientists, immunohaematologists and human geneticists should also find some aspects for their research.

Review Lectures.- Principles and Recent Advances in DNA Fingerprinting.- DNA Fingerprinting as a Tool of Paternity Testing in Germany.- Genetic Typing of Biological Evidence Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction.- A Critical Review of the Forensic Application of DNA Technology.- DNA Methylation: A Defense Mechanism Against the Expression of Foreign DNA?.- Juristische Aspekte der forensischen DNA-Analyse.- PCR-Technology.- Research Regarding the Polymerase Chain Reaction for Forensic Utility — HLA-DQ? Locus and AMP-FLPs.- DNA Typing Using PCR Amplified Fragments in the HLA Class I Region.- PCR-Typing of the Human HLA-DQ? Locus: Population Genetics and Application in Forensic Casework.- DNA Amplification (PCR) of Several Hypervariable Loci in Disputed Paternity Cases.- Amplification of a Highly Polymorphic VNTR Segment, Localized on the Ha-Ras Gene by PCR.- Methodology, Data Bases.- Reliability of Restriction Enzyme Digestions of Genomic DNA for the Generation of DNA Fingerprints.- Concept for a More Precise Definition of the Polymorphism YNH24.- Evaluation of Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Alleles in Mother-Child Combinations.- A Proposed Combination of Single Locus Probes for Multiple Rehybridization.- DNA-Profiles with HVR-Probes — Allele Frequencies of HinfI-RFLPs Using pHINS310, pMUC7 and pMR24/1 in a Population Sample from Hannover and Lower Saxony.- Analysis of Allele Frequencies of Two Polymorphic Loci in a North-East Italian Population.- Digoxigenin-DNA Probes for Detecting Human VNTR Polymorphism.- Practical Use: Paternity.- The Application of Four Single Locus Probes in Cases of Disputed Paternity.- The Practical Significance of Human Genetic RFLP-Systems in Paternity Testing.- Individual Diagnostics by DNA Fingerprinting.- Paternity Analysis in aDeficient Family by DNA Profiling (Single-Locus and Multi-Locus Probes).- Paternity Tests in 10–12 Weeks Old Fetuses by Mean of Single-Locus-DNA-Polymorphisms.- DNA Fingerprinting for the Protection of Endangered Species.- Practical Use: Stain Analysis.- Treatment of Bloodstains for Simultaneous Application of Serological and DNA Typing Methods.- DNA Extraction and RFLP Analysis of Bloodstains on a Variety of Textiles — Investigation of Various Extraction Procedures.- Stability of DNA in Brain Cortex After Long Post Mortem Periods.- The Identification of a Charred Body by Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting with the (GTG)5 Probe.- Biostatistics.- Biostatistical Evaluation of Evidence from Single Locus Hypervariable DNA Probes: Tests of Independence of Loci.- MLP and SLP Band Patterns and Probabilities of Identity.- Efficiency of Multilocus Probes in Mother-Child-Putative Father Cases.- The Proposal of Evett et al. for Paternity Calculations in Normal Trio Cases Using MLP Profiles and the Freiburg Model of a Multiple Diallelism: A Comparison.- A Contribution to the Computer-Aided Analysis of DNA Fingerprint Patterns.