Diagnosis and Management of Endocrine Disorders in Interventional Radiology

This book provides a comprehensive guide for selective venous sampling procedures and the role of interventional radiologists in the care and treatment of patients with endocrine disorders. Disorders of the endocrine system involve an imbalance in the natural homeostasis of the hormones produced by the glands in the body. There are a variety of endocrine conditions that are characterized by either hormonal hyposecretion or hypersecretion. Percutaneous selective venous sampling is the gold standard diagnostic tool for the medical and surgical management of patients with a variety of such disorders. Selective venous sampling is a minimally invasive interventional procedure that interventional radiologists perform to localize sites of abnormal hormone secretion. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most used diagnostic imaging modalities in patients with the suspected endocrine disorder; however, their specificity is not optimal, and identifying a culprit gland is difficult based on imaging findings alone. Therefore, the ultimate decision for management depends on the outcome of selective venous sampling. As these various venous samplings are increasingly performed worldwide, the collaboration between interventional radiology, endocrinology, surgical endocrinology, surgical oncology, neurosurgery, and gynecology teams is essential.

With limited literature on the topic, this volume fills the gap with in-depth coverage of selective venous sampling alongside the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, as well as medical, surgical, and interventional management of endocrine disorders. The book is divided into five parts: Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders; Selective Venous Sampling in Interventional Radiology; Medical Treatment of Endocrine Disorders; Surgical Treatment of Endocrine Disorders; Interventional Treatment of Endocrine Disorders. Throughout these parts, endocrine disorders that require venous sampling are covered in depth: primary aldosteronism, primary hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s disease, hormone-secreting pancreatic adenomas, and androgen-secreting ovarian tumors. There is additionally an emerging role for interventional management in thyroid gland disorders, which is covered here.

This is an ideal guide for interventional radiologists caring for patients with endocrine disorders, as well as endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, surgical oncologists, otolaryngologists, neurosurgeons, gynecologists, and nephrologists.

PART 1. Clinical & Laboratory Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders

 Chapter 1. Clinical Evaluation

·         Primary aldosteronism

·         Hyperparathyroidism

·         Hyperandrogenism (Hirsutism)

·         Pancreatic islet cell tumors (insulinoma & gastrinoma)

·         Cushing’s disease (ACTH-producing pituitary tumor)

·         References

Chapter 2. Laboratory Evaluation (Clinical Chemistry and Pathology)

·         Primary aldosteronism

·         Hyperparathyroidism

·         Hyperandrogenism (Hirsutism)

·         Pancreatic islet cell tumors (insulinoma & gastrinoma)

·         Cushing’s disease (ACTH-producing pituitary tumor)

·         References

PART 2. Selective Venous Sampling in Interventional Radiology

Chapter 3. Primary Aldosteronism

·         Introduction

·         Indication

·         Anatomy

·         Procedure

·         Results

·         Complications

·         References

Chapter 4. Hyperparathyroidism

·         Introduction

·         Indication

·         Anatomy

·         Procedure

·         Results

·         Complications

·         References

Chapter 5. Hyperandrogenism (Hirsutism)

·         Introduction

·         Indication

·         Anatomy

·         Procedure

·         Results

·         Complications

·         References

Chapter 6. Cushing’s Disease (ACTH-producing Pituitary Adenoma)

·         Introduction

·         Indication

·         Anatomy

·         Procedure

·         Results

·         Complications

·         References

Chapter 7. Pancreatic Islet tumors (Insulinoma & Gastrinoma)

·         Introduction

·         Indication

·         Anatomy

·         Procedure

·         Results

·         Complications

·         References 

PART 3: Medical Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

Chapter 8. Medical Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

·         Primary aldosteronism

·         Hyperparathyroidism

·         Hyperandrogenism (Hirsutism)

·         Pancreatic islet cell tumors (insulinoma & gastrinoma)

·         Cushing’s disease (ACTH-producing pituitary tumor)

·         References

PART 4: Surgical Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

Chapter 9. Surgical Treatment of Primary aldosteronism

Chapter 10 Surgical Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism

Chapter 11. Surgical Treatment of Hyperandrogenism (Hirsutism)

Chapter 12. Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic islet cell tumors (insulinoma & gastrinoma)

Chapter 13. Surgical Treatment of Cushing’s disease (ACTH-producing pituitary tumor)

 

PART 5: Interventional Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

Chapter 14. Interventional Treatment of Adrenal Adenoma with Primary Aldosteronism

·         Thermal ablation

Chapter 15. Interventional Treatment of Parathyroid Adenoma with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

·         Embolization

·         Thermal ablation

Chapter 16. Interventional Treatment of Thyroid Nodule with Hyperthyroidism

·         Thermal ablation

Chapter 17. Interventional Treatment of Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation

Chapter 18. Interventional Treatment of Hepatic Endocrine Tumor

·         Thermal ablation

·         Embolization

Dr. Yu is Associate Professor and Director of Operations of Vascular and Interventional Radiology in the Department of Radiology at the University of North Carolina. He completed radiology residency at Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. He completed a fellowship in Vascular and Interventional Radiology at the University of North Carolina in 2010. He has published extensively on a variety of topics in interventional radiology. He is a co-editor of the volume Prostatic Artery Embolization published by Springer.

 Dr. Burke is Professor and Chief of Vascular and Interventional Radiology and Vice Chair of strategy for the Department of Radiology at the University of North Carolina. He completed residency and fellowship training at the University of North Carolina in 2001 and 2002, respectively. He has published extensively in the field of interventional radiology and is the editor of two books in the field - High-Yield Imaging: Interventional and The Teaching Files: Interventional. He is a fellow of the Society of Interventional Radiology and the American College of Radiology as well as a past president of the North Carolina Radiological Society (NC-ACR). 

Dr. Commander is Assistant Professor of Vascular and Interventional Radiology in the Department of Radiology at the University of North Carolina. He completed a PhD in Operations Research in 2007 at the University of Florida and medical school and residency training at the University of North Carolina in 2014 and 2020. He has published over 40 papers in refereed journals and books. He is co-editor of Sensors: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications and Optimization and Cooperative Control Strategies, both published by Springer.