CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics

High Quality Science requires High Quality Data! Today, more than ever, the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics is critical in ensuring that researchers, educators, and students have the highest quality data for chemical compounds and physical particles. Available both in print and online, the Handbook covers 390 chemistry, physics, and related subjects organized in easy-to-find, well-organized tables. Every year, new reported data and new scientific areas are added, making the Handbook  the largest comprehensive physical science data source available anywhere. The 104th Edition of the Handbook has been completely reorganized to meet the needs of today’s scientists. The first section has property data on the elements, organic and inorganic compounds, water, bio-medical compounds, and polymers. Other sections focus on applications of chemical and physical data, data of importance in laboratory work, and information of units and nomenclature. The purpose of the reorganization is to make sure users can easily find all data on related subjects. Handbook features include: All data reviewed and evaluated by subject matter experts Standardized chemical names, structures, property names, and property units Important information on subjects such as chemical and laboratory safety, and nomenclature Chemical and physical data critical for fields such as environmental science, bio-medical chemistry, organic and inorganic chemistry, materials innovation, geo- and astrophysics, and solid-state science Digital tools in our Online Edition to analyze, graph, process, and exploit our data content

Introduction The Editor and Editorial Board Preface New Data and Updates in the 104th Edition On the Evaluation of Chemistry and Physics Data Current Contributors Part 1 Data on Chemical Substances Section 1: Elements and Their Isotopes Introduction The Elements Standard Atomic Weights Atomic Masses and Isotopic Abundances Abundance of Elements in the Earth's Crust and in the Sea Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Points and Densities of the Elements Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 °C Table of the Isotopes Phase Transitions in the Solid Elements at Atmospheric Pressure Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Elements Density of Molten Elements as a Function of Temperature Physical Properties of the Rare-Earth Metals Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Elemental Metals Electrical Resistivity of Pure Elemental Metals Electron Work Function of the Elements Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements Optical Properties of Selected Elements Index of Refraction of Liquid Elements Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Equations Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements - Data Section 2: Atomic Structure and Spectroscopy Data Introduction Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions Electron Affinities of the Atomic Elements Persistent Lines of the Neutral Atomic Elements Atomic Transition Probabilities Atomic Radii of the Elements Polarizabilities of the Atomic Elements Section 3: Properties of Organic Compounds Introduction Physical Constants of Organic Compounds CAS Registry Number Index of Organic Compounds Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds Critical Constants of Organic Compounds Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases Miscibility of Organic Solvents Dependence of Boiling Point of Organic Liquids on Pressure Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds Section 4: Properties of Inorganic Compounds Introduction Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds Critical Constants of Inorganic Compounds Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Inorganic Solids Density of Molten Inorganic Salts as a Function of Temperature Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals Magnetic Susceptibility of Selected Inorganic Compounds Optical Properties of Selected Inorganic Solids and Teflon Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds as a Function of Temperature Solubility Product Constants of Inorganic Salts Solubility Chart for Inorganic Salts Solubility of Common Inorganic Salts as a Function of Temperature Properties of Gas Clathrate Hydrates Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals Crystallographic Data on Minerals Section 5: Properties of Water Introduction Thermophysical Properties of Water and Steam Fixed-Point Thermophysical Properties of H2O and D2O Properties of Saturated Liquid D2O Vapor Pressure and Other Saturation Properties of Water Standard Density of Water as a Function of Temperature Ionization Constant of Water as a Function of Temperature and Pressure Ionization Constant of Normal and Heavy Water at Saturated Vapor Pressure Electrical Conductivity of Water Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water at Various Frequencies Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water Vapor Pressure of Ice Melting Point of Ice as a Function of Pressure Index of Refraction of Water Section 6: Properties of Polymers Introduction Abbreviations Used in Polymer Science and Technology Physical Properties of Selected Polymers Solvents for Common Polymers Glass Transition Temperatures for Selected Polymers Dielectric Constant of Selected Polymers Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships for Polymer Melts Vapor Pressures (Solvent Activities) for Binary Polymer Solutions Solubility Parameters of Selected Polymers Section 7: Properties of Bio-Medical Compounds and Substances Introduction Properties of Amino Acids Structures of Common Amino Acids Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases The Genetic Code Properties of Fatty Acids and Their Methyl Esters Composition and Properties of Common Oils and Fats Carbohydrate Names and Symbols Standard Transformed Gibbs Energies of Formation for Biochemical Reactants Apparent Equilibrium Constants for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions Apparent Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Protein-Ligand Binding Reactions Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers in Water Biological Buffers Typical pH Values of Biological Materials and Foods Properties and Functions of Common Drugs Properties of Controlled Substances Section 8: Chemical Structure, Bonding, and Molecular Spectroscopy Data Introduction Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules Dipole Moments Hindered Internal Rotation Bond Dissociation Energies Electronegativity Force Constants for Bond Stretching Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules Polarizabilities of Molecules Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Electron Affinities of Molecules Part 2 Data for the Practice of Chemistry and Physics Section 9: Physical Chemistry Data Introduction CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Ions Proton Affinities Heat of Combustion Heat Capacity of Selected Solids Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions Molar Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous HF, HCl, HBr, and HI Molar Electrical Conductivity of Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution Electrochemical Series Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Salts Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions Ebullioscopic Constants for Calculation of Boiling Point Elevation Cryoscopic Constants for Calculation of Freezing Point Depression Freezing Point Lowering by Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures Section 10: Environmental Chemistry Data Introduction Chemical Reaction Rate Constants for Atmospheric Studies Properties of Refrigerants Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2022 Aqueous Solubility and Henry's Law Constants of Organic Compounds Properties of Seawater Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Seawater Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients Global Temperature Trend, 1880-2022 Solar Irradiance at the Earth Geographical and Seasonal Variations in Solar Radiation Infrared Absorption by the Earth's Atmosphere U.S. Standard Atmosphere (1976) Section 11: Solid-State Chemistry and Physics Data Introduction Techniques for Materials Characterization Symmetry of Crystals Ionic Radii in Crystals The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice Energy Elastic Constants of Single Crystals Polarizability of Atoms and Ions in Solids Electrical Resistivity of Binary Alloys Electrical Resistivity of Graphite Materials Curie Temperature of Selected Ferroelectric Crystals Properties of Antiferroelectric Crystals Properties of Superconductors High-Temperature Superconductors Organic Superconductors Properties of Semiconductors Selected Properties of Semiconductor Solid Solutions Properties of Organic Semiconductors Diffusion Data for Semiconductors Properties of Magnetic Materials Organic Magnets Properties of Selected Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures Thermoelectric Properties of Metals and Semiconductors Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature Fermi Energy and Related Properties of Metals Secondary Electron Emission Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths Electron Stopping Powers Attenuation Coef

Dr. John Rumble has long been a leader in developing and providing access to databases in numerous S&T disciplines. From 1980 through 2004, he worked in the NIST Standard Reference Data Program and later was responsible for NIST measurement services programs. From 2004 to 2011, He was Executive Vice President of Information International Associates in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Today he is President of R&R Data Services in Gaithersburg MD. Rumble has served on numerous national and international STI policy committees and review panels and was a member of the Board on International Scientific Organizations of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Rumble was among the first to build online, PC, and Internet/web-based factual databases for scientific and technical (S&T) data. While at NIST, he sponsored data projects with scientists in China, Japan, England, France, Germany, and Russia. During that time, he also worked with many industry organizations and professional societies to develop industry-related data programs in materials science and chemistry, as well as standards for S&T data exchange. Dr. Rumble has considerable experience in chemistry, physics, materials science, nanomaterials, and informatics and data science experience and has published widely in all these areas. Rumble received a Ph.D. in Chemical Physics from Indiana University. In 1998-2002, Rumble served as President of CODATA, the ICSU Committee on Data for Science and Technology. Dr. Rumble is Fellow of IUPAC, AAAS, APS, ASTM International, ASM International, and IAFoST, as well as a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Metrology. He was awarded the CODATA 2006 Prize for outstanding achievements in S&T data. He has served two terms as Editor-in-Chief of the CODATA Data Science Journal. During the last five years, Dr. Rumble has led a multi-disciplinary effort to develop a uniform system for describing nanomaterials. This work has been done under the auspices of CODATA International and the International Council for Science. Rumble has put together a unique group of international union representatives from the diverse scientific and technical fields interested in nanotechnology, including chemistry, physics, materials science, food science and technology, nutrition science, toxicology, and more. In addition, he has reached out to more general audiences in these fields through international workshops, symposia at union conferences, and liaisons with U.S. and European Nanosafety projects. This work is available at www.codata.org/nanomaterials