Bioremediation of Wastewater Factors and Treatment

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The quantity and quality of waste generated and discharged into natural water bodies is a topic of serious concern. Consequently, there is a need for different strategies to address wastewater treatment and subsequent reuse, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where water shortages are the rule. Biological treatment processes constitute crucial tools in the biodegradation of organic matter, transformation of toxic compounds into harmless products, and nutrient removal in wastewater microbiology.Edited by a professor of genetics and microbiology with extensive research, this compendium provides an overview of the most current research into many facets of wastewater bioremediation. The book is broken into three sections: microbial communities for wastewater treatment, environmental factors, and treatments. It provides discussions on biological treatment processes for different types of wastewater, such as municipal wastewater and wastewater from tanneries; how environmental factors such as season dynamics affect the diversity of bacteria; and applications and treatment.The range of topics presented will be valuable for biological engineers and others involved with wastewater management. Researchers will find a wealth of studies that will prove fruitful for future investigation.

IntroductionPart I: Microbial Communities for Wastewater TreatmentBacterial Communities in Different Sections of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing; Lin Ye and Tong ZhangTaxonomic Precision of Different Hypervariable Regions of 16S rRNA Gene and Annotation Methods for Functional Bacterial Groups in Biological Wastewater Treatment; Feng Guo, Feng Ju, Lin Cai, and Tong ZhangThe Choice of PCR Primers Has Great Impact on Assessments of Bacterial Community Diversity and Dynamics in a Wastewater Treatment Plant; Nils Johan Fredriksson, Malte Hermansson, and Britt-Marie WilénAbundance and Diversity of Bacterial Nitrifiers and Denitrifiers and Their Functional Genes in Tannery Wastewater Treatment Plants Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing; Zhu Wang, Xu-Xiang Zhang, Xin Lu, Bo Liu, Yan Li, Chao Long, and Aimin LiAssessing Bacterial Diversity in a Seawater-Processing Wastewater Treatment Plant by 454-Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and amoA Genes; Olga Sánchez, Isabel Ferrera, Jose M González, and Jordi MasAssessment of Bacterial and Structural Dynamics in Aerobic Granular Biofilms; David G. Weissbrodt, Thomas R. Neu, Ute Kuhlicke, Yoan Rappaz, and Christof HolligerPart II: Environmental FactorsAbundance, Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Predatory Bacteria in Aquaculture Zero Discharge Systems; Prem P. Kandel, Zohar Pasternak, Jaap van Rijn, Ortal Nahum, and Edouard JurkevitchMicrobial Community Functional Structures in Wastewater Treatment Plants as Characterized by GeoChip; Xiaohui Wang, Yu Xia, Xianghua Wen, Yunfeng Yang, and Jizhong ZhouKey Design Factors Affecting Microbial Community Composition and Pathogenic Organism Removal in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands; Jordi Morató, Francesc Codony, Olga Sánchez, Leonardo Martín Pérez, Joan García, and Jordi MasPart III: TreatmentsAn Application of Wastewater Treatment in a Cold Environment and Stable Lipase Production of Antarctic Basidiomycetous Yeast Mrakia blollopis; Masaharu Tsuji, Yuji Yokota, Kodai Shimohara, Sakae Kudoh, and Tamotsu HoshinoRevealing the Factors Influencing a Fermentative Biohydrogen Production Process Using Industrial Wastewater as Fermentation Substrate; Iulian Zoltan Boboescu, Mariana Ilie, Vasile Daniel Gherman, Ion Mirel, Bernadett Pap, Adina Negrea, Éva Kondorosi, Tibor Bíró, and Gergely MarótiMicrobial Communities from Different Types of Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems: Vertical and Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands and Biofilters; B. Adrados, O. Sánchez, C.A. Arias, E. Becares, L. Garrido, J. Mas, H. Brix, and J. MoratóIndex

Olga Sánchez received her PhD degree in biological sciences from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) in 1996. Her research began with the study of the physiology of photosynthetic bacteria and went on to the utilization of complex microbial biofilms in packed reactors for the treatment of contaminated effluents. In 2007 she became an aggregate teacher at the Department of Genetics and Microbiology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and presently, her investigation focuses on the application of molecular techniques for the characterization of the diversity of different natural microbial communities, including marine environments or wastewater treatment systems. These methodologies include clone libraries, FISH (Fluorescence In Situ hybridization), fingerprinting techniques such as DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis), and next-generation sequencing technologies.