Acknowledgements General Introduction ??????? ?????? (First Unit) ????? ??????: ??? ????. ????? ??????: ??? ?? ?????. ????? ??????: ????? ... ????? ?? ?????? ????? (Grammar) Possession in Arabic (my, your) ????? ??????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? The Definite Article ??? Sun and Moon Letters ????? ??????: ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ?????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????: ??? ???? ???? ????. ????? ??????: ???? ??????? ????? Grammar (?????): Arabic plural ????? ??????: ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? The Construct (???????) ????? ??????: ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????: ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? Possession in Arabic, continued The Dual Possession with ??? ????? ??? ??: ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??: ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??: ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??: ?????? ?????? ????. ????? The Construct (???????), continued The Comparative and Superlative ????? ??? ??: ??????? ?????: ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????: ?????? ????? ??????: ???? ???? ????? The Nisba Adjective (??????) Subject Markers and Verb Conjugation: Present Tense Subject Markers The prefix ?? ????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ???????: ??????? ????? ??????: ????? ??? ??? ????????! ????? Wanting with ??? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ??? ??????! ????? Construct (?????) Phrases and Noun-adjective Phrases More on the Comparative ????? ?????? ????? ??????: ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????: ???????? ???? ????? Past Tense Conjugation Listing Verbs in Word Lists ?????? ???????: ??? ??????? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? ????? The Present Tense after "Helping" Words ???? ???? ????? ??????: ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? Object Pronouns ????? ??????: ????? ????? ??????: ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ????? and ??? ?? ????? Hollow Verbs ?????? ?????: ???? ??? Writing non-Arabic Names Typically or Exclusively MSA Words MSA and Spoken Arabic Pronunciation ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? ????? Arabic Roots, Roots and Verbs, Root Types An Hour Ago ????? ??????: ??? ????? ????? ????! ????? Plural Subject Markers ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? More on the Conjugation of Verbs Derived from Different Types of Roots ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????: ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????: ????? ?????? ???? ????????! ????? Plural Subject and Possessive Pronouns ????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? ????! ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ?????? ???????: ??????? ???????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ????????. ????? Verb Stems Building Verbs with more than One Suffix ???? ?????? ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? Plural Patterns: Sound and Broken ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ????? Non-human Plurals ?????? ?????: ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????: ???? ????? ????? ??????: ??? ???? ?????? ????? Giving Commands ????? ??????: ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ?????? ???????: ??????? ????? ??????: ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ??????: ????? ????? ????? (???) ??????? ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? Relative Pronouns Adverbials Ending in ?? ?????? ???????: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????: ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????! ????? ??????: ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ?????? ???? The Particle ??? in ???? ????/???? ?????? ?????: ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??: ????? ????????? ????? ??????: ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????: ????? ????? The Case System in ????? Different Meanings of ??? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? Verb-subject (Dis)agreement in ????? ?????? ??? ??: ????? ????? ?????: ???? ????? "???" ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????! ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? More on non-Human Plurals ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ( of wonder ??) ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??: ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????: ???? ???? ???????? ?????. ????? ?? (?) + Present Tense ??? ?? ????? ??????: ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. The Imperative (?????)-Revisited ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ???? ... ? ... ??? ??? ... ?... ?????? ???????: ?????? ???? (???? ????) Negation in ???? Root Types: Review and Summary Note about Hollow and Lame Roots ?????? ??? ??: ????? ???? ????? ??????: ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????: ???????? ?? ????? The Arabic Plural, Revisited The Case System (???????), Revisited ??? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ??? ... ???? ???? ... ?????? ?? ?????? Arabic Roots and Patterns Verb stems ?????? ??? ??: ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????! ????? ???-???? ????? ??????: ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??: ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?? ????! ????? ??????: ????????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? Verb Forms (Forms I, II and V) ?????? ????? "?????? ??????" (?????) ?????? ??? ??: ????? ??? ????-? ????? ??????: ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????: ????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? Verb Forms: Form VIII ?????? ??? ??: ????? ??? ????-? ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????: ???????? ?? ?????! ????? ??????: ??????? ???? Verb Forms, Form X ?????? ??? ??: ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. The ?????, the Noun-adjective Phrase, and the Equational Sentence ????? ??????: ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? Verb Forms Form IV ?????? ?????: ? ??????? (????) ?????? ??? ??: ????? ???????????? ????? ??????: ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????! ????? ??????: ???? ??? ?????? ????? The Different uses of ??, the Verbal Noun (??????) ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? The Particle ??? , Revisited ?????? ??? ??: ???? ?????? ????? ??????: ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ??? ??????. ????? The ??? Prefix ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? Form VIII of Assimilated Roots ?????? ??? ??: ???? ???? ????? ??????: ??? ???? ??? ?????! ????? ???-???? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ???? Verb Forms (Forms III and VII) ?????? ?????: ?? ???? ?????? A note about ?? and ?? ?????? ??? ??: ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????: ???? ?????! ????? The Resumptive (or Returning) Pronoun ????? ??????: ?????! ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????: ?????: ??????? ???? ????? More on Negation in ???? ?????? ??? ??: ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????: ???????? ?? ????! ????? The Imperative (Continued): ????? ????! ????? ??????: ?????? ???? ?????! ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? Verb Forms (Form VI) ?????? ??? ??: ????? ????? ????? ??????: ????? ?? ???? ????! ????? ???-???? ????? ??????: ???? ????? Word Order in the Arabic Sentence ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? More on the ???? Case System ?????? ?????: ???? ?? ???? (?????) ?????? ??? ??: ?????? ???????? ????? ??????: ????? ???? ???? ???????! ????? ??????: ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? The Verbal Noun (??????), Revisited ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??: ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????: ???? ??? ????? ?????. ????? The Imperative ???, ???, and ???? ????? ??????: ???? ????? ???? ????! ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??: ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???! ????? ??????: ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ?? ????. ????? ??????: ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? Noun Patterns: Active Participles, Passive Participles, Verbal Nouns ?????? ?????: ??? ?????? Arranging Words by Root ?????? ??? ??: ???????? ???? ????? ??????: ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????: ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? (??????? Continued) ?? ????????? ????? ??????: ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????: ???????? ????? ????? ?????? Final Look at the Case System (?????) ????? ??????: ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????