Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols

This volume details standard techniques for the characterization of urothelial carcinoma as well as methods to investigate mechanisms of carcinogenesis.  Chapters guide readers on cellular and animal models for urothelial carcinoma and related diseases, molecular analyses from body fluids, and new approaches to therapy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Authoritative and practical, Urothelial Carcinoma: Methods and Protocols hopes that the techniques described in this volume will contribute to the current upturn in research on urothelial carcinoma and to the application of its results in clinical practice.

Analysis of Chromosomal Alterations in Urothelial Carcinoma.- Analysis of Point Mutations in Clinical Samples of Urothelial Carcinoma.- A Versatile Assay for Detection of Aberrant DNA Methylation in Bladder Cancer.- Immunohistochemical Analysis of UC Tissues for Proliferation and Differentiation Markers.- Molecular Subtype Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma Using a Subtype-Specific Immunohistochemistry Panel.- Defining the Pathways of Urogenital Schistosomiasis-associated Urothelial Carcinogenesis through Transgenic and Bladder Wall Egg Injection Models.- Algorithm for the Automated Evaluation of NAT2 Genotypes.- Detection of APOBEC3 Proteins and Catalytic Activity in Urothelial Carcinoma.- Oxidative Stress in Urothelial Carcinogenesis: Measurements of Protein Carbonylation and Intracellular Production of Reactive Oxygen Species.- Urothelial Carcinoma Stem Cells - current Concepts, Controversies, and Methods.- In Vitro Differentiation and Propagation of Urothelium from Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines.- Spheroid Cultures of Primary Urothelial Cancer Cells: Cancer Tissue-originated Spheroid (CTOS) Method.- The N-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl Nitrosamine Mouse Urinary Bladder Cancer Model.- Patient-derived Bladder Cancer Xenografts.- Orthotopic Mouse Models of Urothelial Cancer.- Quantification of microRNAs in Urine-derived Specimens.- Quantitative RNA Analysis from Urine using Real Time PCR.- DNA Methylation Analysis from Body Fluids.- Urinary Protein Markers for the Detection and Prognostication of Urothelial Carcinoma.- Isolation and Characterization of CTCs from Patients with Cancer of a Urothelial Origin.- Epigenetic Treatment Options in Urothelial Carcinoma.- Evaluation of Protein Levels of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ErbB3 in Serum.- Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Bladder Cancer.- Visualization and Quantitative Measurement of Frug-induced Platinum Sdducts in the Nuclear DNA of Individual Cells by an Immuno-cytological Sssay.