Smart Structures Innovative Systems for Seismic Response Control

Drawing together current information, this volume provides an organized accounting of all smart structure systems currently in vogue as well as those in development. It offers extensive details on regulations, presents mathematical formulations and explores modeling.

An innovative concept, smart structural systems have proven to be extremely effective in absorbing damaging energy and/or counteracting potentially devastating force, thus limiting structural collapse and subsequent injury. As this technology rapidly evolves, there is an ever-increasing need for an authoritative reference that will allow those in the field to stay abreast of the very latest advances. Smart Structures: Innovative Systems for Seismic Response organizes current research and technology to provide researchers and practicing engineers, as well as advanced students, with the means to learn about and apply the very latest smart structure innovations. Key features include— Complete mathematical formulations and numerical procedures for topics presented New technologies Design guidelines and examples based on current official codes Consideration of smart structures on a variety of foundations Discussion of the use of smart structures with passive or semi-active devices Extensive references Designed for self-teaching, the text emphasizes essential information on structural formulations, mechanism of control systems, and numerical algorithms. It also provides step-by-step numerical examples to illustrate mathematical formulations and interpret physical representations, enabling readers to understand the forumulae vis-à-vis their applications. Each chapter comprehensively explores a specific topic, from smart structure systems currently in use, to case studies utilizing simulated earthquake data.

Preface Acknowledgements About the Authors Basic Concept of Smart Structure Systems Introduction Basic Principles of Smart Structure Technology for Seismic Response Control History of Smart Structure Technology for Seismic Response Control Base Isolation Systems Passive Energy Dissipation Systems Semi-Active Damper Systems Active Control Systems Hybrid Control Systems Base Isolation Systems Basic Concepts of Seismically Isolated Building Structures Base Isolator Mechanical Characteristics and Computer Modeling Techniques Code Requirements for Design of Seismically Isolated Structures Dynamic Analysis Procedure Design Examples Testing Verification and Determination of Isolator Properties Damping Systems Basic Concepts of Building Structures with Damping Systems Analysis Procedures and Code Requirements Design Examples Testing Verification and Determination of Damping Device Properties Smart Seismic Structures Using Active Control Systems Analytical Model of Smart Seismic Structures with Active Control Classical Optimal Control Algorithms for Smart Seismic Structures Development of Active Control Algorithms for Seismic Smart Structures Concluding Remarks Smart Seismic Structures Using Semiactive and Hybrid Control Systems Dynamic Model of Control Devices for Semiactive and Hybrid Systems Dynamic Model of Smart Seismic Structures with Semiactive or Hybrid Control Control Strategy and System Stability Effectiveness of HDABC System for Seismic Response Control Implementation of Hybrid Control for Smart Seismic Structures Sensing and Data Acquisition Systems for Smart Seismic Structures Common Sensors for Smart Seismic Structures Sensing, Data Acquisition, and Digital Control Systems Seismic Observer Technique Optimal Device Placement for Smart Seismic Structures Introduction Optimal Actuator Placement for Smart Seismic Structures with Active Control Statistical Method for Optimal Device Placement of Smart Seismic Structures Summary Active Control Considering Soil-Structure Interaction Motion Equation of Actively Controlled Structure with Soil-Structure Interaction State Equation of SSI—Model and Solution Technique Generalized Optimal Active Control Algorithm for the SSI System Soil Properties and Wave Equations Stiffness Coefficients of Horizontal Layer and Half Plane Dynamic-Stiffness Matrices of Ground System Numerical Illustrations Computer Solutions for Building Structures with and without Control Summary and Concluding Remarks Hybrid Control of Structures on Shallow Foundation with Existing and Generated Earthquakes Introduction Structural Formulation with HDABC State Space Formulation of HDABC Systems with and without SSI Numerical Examples Using MATLAB Extreme Value Distribution Ground Motion Generation Case Studies Using Generated Earthquakes Concluding Remarks Appendix A: MATLAB Appendix B: Green’s Function Appendix C: Element Stiffness and Mass Coefficients