Sludge Management

Sludge Management provides up-to-date information on sludge treatment, reuse and disposal. A comprehensive coverage of all issues related to sludge management is included with local through global coverage of all sludge management practices. Conventional to advanced technologies for sludge management with available case studies from both developing and developed countries are covered in this book. Given the responsibility of engineers to develop the technological tools to meet the increasingly stricter standards for sludge treatment and disposal, the main attraction of the book principally relies on its technical content that reviews all the points to be considered in sludge management from engineering and technological perspectives. Sludge Management can be used for planning, designing, and implementing waste sludge management projects. Moreover, this book can be used as a standard textbook in Universities for Master and Doctoral students. Also, academics, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers working in the field of sludge management would find the book very informative and a source of interesting case studies.

Introduction 1. Sludge: An Overview1.1 Introduction1.2 Sources of Sludge1.3 Sludge Categorisation1.4 Sludge Characteristics1.5 Sludge Characterisation Parameters1.6 Moisture Contentof Sludge1.7 Sludge Generation 2 Pumping of Sludge 2.1 Introduction2.2 Sludge-flow Characteristics2.3 Sludge Piping2.4 Sludge Head-loss2.5 Power Requirement2.6 Sludge Pumps2.7 Pumps for Different Types of Sludge2.8 Controls 3. Treatment of Sludge3.1 Introduction3.2 Definitions3.3 Methods of Sludge Treatment 3.4 Flow-sheets of Sludge Treatment 3.5 Preliminary Treatments 4. Thickening of Sludge4.1 Introduction4.2 Operational Principles4.3 Descriptions4.4 Sludge-thickening at Small Plants4.5 Benefits of Sludge Thickening 5. Sludge Conditioning5.1 Introduction5.2 Chemical Conditioning5.3 Thermal Conditioning5.4 Freeze-thaw Conditioning5.5 Conditioning Process Optimisation 5.6 Factors Affecting Sludge Conditioning 6. Sludge Dewatering6.1 Introduction6.2 Controlling Factors6.3 Natural Methods6.4 Mechanical Methods6.5 Sludge Dewatering at Small Plants 7. Biological Stabilisation of Sludge7.1 Introduction7.2 Sludge Digestion7.3 Anaerobic Digestion Process7.4 Aerobic Digestion Process7.5 Process Advancements7.6 Sludge Composting 8. Non-Biological Sludge Stabilisation 8.1 Introduction8.2 Thermal Treatment8.3 Alkaline Stabilisation8.4 Chlorine Oxidation Process8.5 Advancement in Physicochemical Methods 9. Sludge Stabilisation at Small Works9.1 Introduction9.2 Governing Factors9.3 Process Types 10. Sludge Minimisation Technologies10.1 Introduction10.2 Treatment in Wastewater Line10.3 Process in the Sludge Line10.4 Processes in the Final Waste Line 11. Sludge Disinfection and Thermal Drying Processes11.1 Disinfection of Sludge11.2 Thermal Drying of Sludge 12. Thermal Treatment and Sludge Disposal12.1 Introduction12.2 Process Types12.3 Thermal Processes12.4 Process Advancements 13. Sludge Disposal Methods, Problems and Solutions13.1 Introduction13.2 Sludge Disposal Problems and Solutions13.3 Relevant Case Studies13.4 Summary 14. Energy and Resource Recovery from Sludge14.1 Introduction14.2 Characteristics of Sludge 14.3 Construction Material14.4 Nutrients14.5 Heavy Metals14.6 Biofuels14.7 Electricity14.8 Protein and Enzymes14.9 Beneficial Reuse of Sludge across the Globe14.10 Techno-economic and Social Feasibility14.11 Summary Problems Concluding Remarks References Index

Dr. Bhola Ram Gurjar is a full Professor in Civil (Environmental Engineering) and Head of Centre for Transportation Systems (CTRANS) at India’s premier technological institution, Indian Institute of Technology – IIT Roorkee. He has also headed the Max Planck Partner Group for Megacities & Global Change at IIT Roorkee from 2006-2011. He holds a PhD in Environmental Risk Analysis from IIT Delhi, and has extensive industrial, teaching, training and research experience. His present research interests include megacities; air and water pollution; environmental impact and risk assessment; atmospheric emissions and climate change; and integrated cross-disciplinary study of science and policy issues of the environment, health, energy, economy, technology, infrastructure and resources – particularly from the global change, sustainable development and risk governance perspectives. Dr Gurjar is fellow and life member of several professional bodies and organizations and also a member of editorial boards of four international research journals.He has more than 140 publications to his credit including eleven books as a co-author/co-editor. He has received several prestigious national and international awards including i) Advanced Postdoctoral Research Fellowship of the Max Planck Society (Germany) from 2002-2005, ii) 2004 START Young Scientist Award from the Scientific Steering Committee of the global change SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (START), Washington, D.C., U.S.A., iii) UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI) Fellow grant award – 2012 from the British Council Division of British High Commission, New Delhi, iv) American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2014 ASCE State of the Art of Civil Engineering Award for "Climate Change Modeling, Mitigation, and Adaptation", and v) National Design Award in Environmental Engineering – 2011 and Eminent Environmental Engineer for the year 2015 conferred by The Institution of Engineers (India)’s National Design and Research Forum (NDRF) and the Environmental Division Board (EDB), respectively. Dr. Vinay Kumar Tyagi is a Researcher at Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore University. His research interest includes municipal wastewater treatment, advanced technologies for sludge pretreatment, biomass to bioenergy recovery and health related water microbiology. Dr. Tyagi has published two-digit refereed articles at SCI journals in the past several years. He has more than 90 publications to his credit including thirteen book chapters and manuals. Dr. Tyagi’s research achievement has been receiving many academic honors, including: (a) Outstanding Review Contribution, Elsevier; (b) research articles are enlisted among the Top 1% of highly cited papers of the academic field of Engineering worldwide, as well as few of them listed in the most downloaded articles; (c) Postdoctoral Fellowships in Taiwan, Spain, Japan, South Africa & South Korea. Dr. Tyagi is fellow and life member of several professional bodies and organizations. He is an active Reviewer of more than 50 International Peer Reviewed Journals. Dr. Tyagi has a wide international research exposure of working earlier in Taiwan, Spain and Japan in various environmental research domains of wastewater (municipal & industrial), sludge and municipal solid waste management.