Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development

Seasonality is a severe constraint to sustainable rural livelihoods and a driver of poverty and hunger, particularly in the tropics. Many poor people in developing countries are ill equipped to cope with seasonal variations which can lead to drought or flood and consequences for agriculture, employment, food supply and the spread of disease. The subject has assumed increasing importance as climate change and other forms of development disrupt established seasonal patterns and variations. This book is the first systematic study of seasonality for overtwenty years, and it aims to revive academic interest and policy awareness of this crucial but neglected issue. Thematic chapters explore recent shifts with profound implications for seasonality, including climate change, HIV/AIDS, and social protection. Case study chapters explore seasonal dimensions of livelihoods in Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi), Asia (Bangladesh, China, India), and Latin America (Peru). Others assess policy responses to adverse seasonality, for example through irrigation, migration and seasonally-sensitive education. The book also includes innovative tools for monitoring seasonality, which should enable more appropriate responses.

Foreword 1. Editorial Introduction 2. Seasonal Poverty: Integrated, Overlooked and Therefore Opportunity 3. What Happened to the Seasons? Farmers' Perceptions and Meteorological Observations of Changing Seasonality 4. Seasonal Hunger, the 2001-03 Famine and the Dynamics of HIV in Malawi 5. Why Risk Management has Trouble Locating Seasonality 6. Conceptualising Seasonal Financial Market Failures in Rural Household Models 7. Investigating Seasonality and Poverty: The 2004/05 Malawi Integrated Household Survey 8. Month of Birth and Children's Health in India 9. Seasonal Dimensions of Household Wellbeing and Labour Migration in Rural Southern China 10. Off-farm Work in the Peruvian Altiplano: Seasonal and Geographic Considerations for Agricultural and Development Policies 11. The Stabilising Effect of Irrigation on Seasonal Expenditure: Evidence from Rural Andhra Pradesh 12. Food Affordability: Dealing with Seasonal Variation of Purchasing Power 13. Water-Bound Geographies of Seasonality: Investigating Seasonality, Water, and Wealth in Ethiopia through the Household Water Economy Approach14. Livelihoods Impact Analysis and Seasonality in Ethiopia 15. Modelling Seasonality in the Household Economy Approach and for Individual Households 16. How Planning for Seasonality can Reduce Extreme Poverty: Lessons from the Chars Livelihoods Programme, Bangladesh 17. Seasonality and Access to Education in Sub-Saharan Africa

Stephen Devereux holds a doctorate in economics from Oxford University and has worked for over 20 years on food security, seasonality, famine and social protection. He is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies, based at the University of Sussex, UK. Rachel Sabates-Wheeler holds a doctorate in agricultural economics and development from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. She is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies and is the Director of the Centre for Social Protection, at IDS. Richard Longhurst is currently a Research Associate at IDS. He has a doctorate from Sussex University in development economics and a masters in agricultural economics from Cornell University, and with over thirty years experience working on development policy issues, including, food, nutrition and child health.