Mountaineering Tourism

In May 1993 the British Mountaineering Council met to discuss the future of high altitude tourism. Of concern to attendees were reports of queues on Everest and reference was made to mountaineer Peter Boardman calling Everest an ‘amphitheater of the ego’. Issues raised included environmental and social responsibility and regulations to minimize impacts. In the years that have followed there has been a surge of interest in climbing Everest, with one day in 2012 seeing 234 climbers reach the summit. Participation in mountaineering tourism has surely escalated beyond the imagination of those who attended the meeting 20 years ago. This book provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of all pertinent aspects and issues related to the development and the management of the growth area of mountaineering tourism. By doing so it explores the meaning of adventure and special reference to mountain-based adventure, the delivering of adventure experience and adventure learning and education. It further introduces examples of settings (alpine environments) where a general management framework could be applied as a baseline approach in mountaineering tourism development. Along with this general management framework, the book draws evidence from case studies derived from various mountaineering tourism development contexts worldwide, to highlight the diversity and uniqueness of management approaches, policies and practices. Written by leading academics from a range of disciplinary backgrounds, this insightful book will provide students, researchers and academics with a better understanding of the unique aspects of tourism management and development of this growing form of adventure tourism across the world.

1. Mountaineering Tourism: Activity, People and Place James Higham, Anna Thompson-Carr and Ghazali Musa Section 1: Activity 2. A World Geography of Mountain Trekking Alan Lew and Han Gaosheng 3. A History of Mountaineering Tourism Paul Beedie Case Study 1: Early Development of Mountain Recreation in New Zealand and the Place of Risk Margaret Johnston Case Study 2: Mountaineering Tourism in Taiwan: Hiking the ‘100 mountains’ Ming Feng Huang 4. Concepts of the Wilderness Experience and Adventure Mountaineering Tourism Mike Boyes and Susan Hogue-MacKenzie 5. Guided Mountaineering Anna Thompson-Carr Case Study 3: Southern Alps Guiding: A Case Study of Guided Mountaineering Businesses in New Zealand Mary Hobbs and Charlie Hobbs 6. Early Alpine Club Culture and Mountaineering Literature Zac Robinson Section 2: People 7. The Narrative Construction of Self through a Commitment to Mountaineering Lee Davidson 8. Gender and Mountaineering Tourism Gill Pomfret and Adele Doran 9. The Motivations and Satisfactions Attendant to Mountaineering Alan Ewert and Stacy Tanaguchi Case Study 4: The Mountaineering Flow Experience Bob Stebbins 10. Mountaineering Tourism Experience and the Protective Frame: A Reversal Theory Perspective Susan Hogue-Mackenzie 11: Mountaineering Personality and Risk Erik Monasterio and Eric Brymer Case study 5: Measuring Responsible Behaviour Related to Safety and Security and Its Antecedents Among Climbers on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo Mahdi Esfahani and Selina Khoo Section 3: Place 12. Environmental Impacts of Mountaineering Catherine Pickering and Agustina Barros Case Study 6: Mountaineering and Climate Change C. Michael Hall Case Study 7: Managing Human Waste on Aconcagua Agustina Barros and Catherine Pickering 13. Mountaineering, Commodification, And Risk Perceptions in Nepal’s Mt. Everest Region Sanjay Nepal and Yang Mu Case Study 8: Mountaineering on Mount Everest: Evolution, Economy, Ecology, and Ethics Gyan Ngaupane 14. Climbing Kili: Ethical Mountain Guides on the Roof of Africa Brent Lovelock Case Study 9: The Working Conditions of ‘Wagumu’ (high altitude porters) on Mount Kilimanjaro Kokel Melubo 15. Health and Safety Issues in Mountaineering Tourism Ghazali Musa and Thinaranjeney Thirumoorthi 16. Management Perspectives of Mountaineering Tourism Carl Carter 17. Mountaineering Tourism: Looking to the Horizon Ghazali Musa, Anna Thompson-Carr, James Higham

Ghazali Musais a Professor, a medical doctor and a PhD in tourism. He is the Head of the Services Research and Innovation Center and the Department of Strategy and Business Policy at the Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. He has a wide interest in tourism research which includes scuba diving tourism, mountaineering tourism, backpacking tourism, medical tourism, and international second home. James Highamis Professor of Tourism at the University of Otago (New Zealand) and Visiting Professor at the University of Stavanger (Norway). His research interests focus on tourism and environmental change at global, regional and local scales of analysis, with particular interests in climate change and sustainable mobility. He serves as co-editor of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Anna Carr Thompson is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Tourism, University of Otago, New Zealand. She is on the editorial boards for Tourism in Marine Environments and the Journal of Heritage Tourism. Her research interests focus on the interdisciplinary aspects of sustainable ecotourism, adventure tourism, wilderness management and cultural landscapes. She is a founding Co-Director of the Centre for Recreation Research at the University of Otago. Prior to academia Anna was co-owner of two adventure tourism businesses and continues to be interested in industry issues related to guiding, interpretation, visitor safety and best practices.