Legacy, Pathogenic and Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

This is the time when legacy, pathogenic, and emerging contaminants must be talked about, understood, and dealt with together. While the geogenic contamination of the groundwater is a well-established phenomenon that is considered as legacy contaminants that risk people’s health globally, both pathogenic and emerging contaminants like various water-borne pathogens and pharmaceutical personal care products (PPCPs) are becoming imperative for their acute and chronic toxic effects. While contaminated groundwater consumption leads to skin pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, kidney damage, cardiovascular disease, and children’s overall development, poor sanitation-related pathogenic microorganisms cause a significant number of child and prenatal deaths. Simultaneously, antibiotic microbial resistance (AMR) is expected to kill 100 million people by 2050. However, there are rare texts that combine aspects of all these three under a single book cover. This book gives an understanding of the occurrence, fate, and transport of geogenic, microbial, and anthropogenic contaminants in the groundwater. It covers not only the scientific and technical aspects but also environmental, legal, and policy aspects for contaminant management in the environment under the paradigm shift of COVID-19. This book is intended to bring the focus on the natural contaminants—biotic or abiotic—in the post-COVID Anthropocene, which is illustrating a significant alteration of systems and the subsequent downstream impacts owing to globalization. This book has compiled global work on emergence, mass flow, partitioning, and activation of geogenic, emerging, and pathogenic contaminants in various spheres of environment with special emphasis on soil, sediment, and aquatic systems for enhancing the understanding on their migration and evolution for the welfare of mankind.

Section 1 Distribution, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants 1. Occurrence and fate of emerging contaminants in groundwater Anshula Dhiman, Stuti Kushwaha, and A.L. Ramanathan 2. Occurrence, sources, and the fate of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in groundwater and subsurface environment Sasikaladevi R, Kiruthika Eswari V, Govindaraj Divyapriya, Ramya Srinivasan, and Indumathi M. Nambi 3. Fate and transport of micro- and nanoplastics in graywater, fresh and marine water systems G. Sruthi, S. Aishwarya, Samarshi Chakraborty, S. Karthika, G. Divyapriya, and K. Sivagami 4. Solid waste and landfill leachate: The transient sources of emerging microbes and legacy contaminants for groundwater pollution Trinath Biswal and Krushna Prasad Shadangi 5. Emerging groundwater contaminants: Their manifestation and consequences Shreeja Datta, Arpita Roy, and Suresh Ghotekar Section 2 Techniques to study the fate, transport and removal of microbial contaminants 6. Assessment of microbial load removal potential of vertical constructed wetland systems treating dairy farm wastewater Deepa Minakshi, Swati Singh, Pradeep Kumar Sharma, Anju Rani, and Piyush Malaviya 7. Occurrence and fate of viruses in water Muskan Chakraborty, Saumya Vyas, Unnati Bhalerao, Abhranil Gangopadhayya, Manjita Srivastava, Muneesh Kumar Barman, Kailash Chand, Sai Tejaswi Lavuri, Meenakshi Singh, and Prudhvilal Bhukya 8. Microbial indicators and methods for source tracking faecal contamination of groundwater Salonee Martins, Aishwarya Pathare, Purva Salvi, Unnati Bhalerao, Mahalaxmi U Bhat, Meenakshi Singh, Muneesh Kumar Barman, Kailash Chand, Sai Tejaswi Lavuri, Nitish Venkateswarlu Mogili, Sanjeeb Mohapatra, Umesh Kumar, Ujjawal Sharma, Manjita Srivastava, and Prudhvilal Bhukya 9. Pathways for migration of microbial and organic contaminants: Special emphasis on run-off from aquaculture industries M. Divyagnaneswari and Parasuraman Aiya Subramani 10. Analysis of emerging microbial contaminants through next-generation sequencing Shubha Rani Sharma, Avinash Singh, Neha Singh, Amit Prasad, and Vinod Kumar Nigam Section 3 Environmental and health risk of anthropogenic and geogenic contaminants 11. Emerging contaminants of potential concern in aquatic Ecosystem: Fate and transport in microalgae Sarat Chandra T., Madhu Balaji C. K., and Ramesh Babu P. 12. Contaminants of emerging concerns and advanced treatment technologies Neha Garg and Akshay Jakhete 13. Occurrence and fate of phenolic compounds in groundwater and their associated risks Vijay Laxmi Mohanta and Brijesh Kumar Mishra 14. Sustainable governance of groundwater as drinking water in the post-COVID-19 world: An urban water security perspective Subham Mukherjee, Pradip Kumar Sikdar, and Sukdeb Pal 15. Comprehensive understanding of fate, transport and consequences of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in urban environment Shivaraju Harikaranahalli Puttaiah, Yashas Shivamurthy Ravindra, Prabagar Jijoe Samuel, Sneha Yadav, and Aiswarya Cholayampara Murukadasan

Dr. Manish Kumar is an assistant professor at Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India. Prof. Meththika Vithanage is working at the Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. Dr. Sanjeeb Mohapatra works at the Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore. Dr. Kishor Acharya is a postdoctoral researcher at the School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK, specialized in public health engineering.