Fuel Cells Principles, Design, and Analysis

Fuel Cells: Principles, Design, and Analysis considers the latest advances in fuel cell system development and deployment, and was written with engineering and science students in mind. This book provides readers with the fundamentals of fuel cell operation and design, and incorporates techniques and methods designed to analyze different fuel cell systems. It builds on three main themes: basic principles, analysis, and design. The section on basic principles contains background information on fuel cells, including fundamental principles such as electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and kinetics of fuel cell reactions as well as mass and heat transfer in fuel cells. Thesection on design explores important characteristics associated with various fuel cell components, electrodes, electrocatalysts, and electrolytes, while thesection on analysis examines phenomena characterization and modeling both at the component and system levels. Includes objectives and a summary in each chapter Presents examples and problems demonstrating theory/principle applications Provides case studies on fuel cell analysis Contains mathematical methods including numerical methods and MATLAB® Simulink® techniques Offers references and material for further reading Fuel Cells: Principles, Design, and Analysis presents the basic principles, examples, and models essential in the design and optimization of fuel cell systems. Based on more than ten years of the authors’ teaching experience, this text is an ideal resource for junior- to senior-level undergraduate students and for graduate students pursuing advanced fuel cell research and study.

Introduction Primary Energy Sources—Fossil Fuel Renewable Energy Resources and Alternative Energy Systems Electrochemical Device—Basic Components and Operation Basic Components and Operation of a Fuel Cell Classification and Types of Fuel Cell Applications of Fuel Cell References Review of Electrochemistry Electrochemical and Electrolysis Cell Oxidation and Reduction Processes Faraday’s Laws Ideal Polarized Electrode Polarization and Overpotential Conductivity and Ohm’s Law Mass Transport and Nernst–Planck Equation Standard Hydrogen and Other Reference Electrode Cyclic Voltammetry References Reviews of Thermodynamics State, Phase, and Properties Thermodynamic Process and Cycle Ideal Gas Equation of State Energy and Energy Transfer The Conservation of Mass The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Relations Specific Heat Estimation of Change in Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Function for Ideal Gases Mixture of Gases Combustion Process Enthalpy of Formation hf ( 0 ) First Law for Reacting Systems Enthalpy of Combustion (hRP) Temperature of Product of Combustion Absolute Entropy sf ( 0 ) Gibbs Function of Formation gf ( 0 ) References Thermodynamics of Fuel Cell Conventional Power Generation—Heat Engine Energy Conversion in Fuel Cell Changes in Gibbs Free Energy Effect of Operating Conditions on Reversible Voltage Fuel Cell Efficiency Fuel Consumption and Supply Rates Water Production Rate Heat Generation in a Fuel Cell Summary References Electrochemical Kinetics Electrical Double Layer Electrode Kinetics Single- and Multistep Electrode Reactions Electrode Reaction in Equilibrium—Exchange Current Density Equation for Current Density—The Butler–Volmer Equation Activation Overpotential and Controlling Factors Tafel Equation—Simplified Activation Kinetics Relationship of Activation Overpotential with Current Density—Tafel Plots Fuel Cell Kinetics Fuel Cell Irreversibilities—Voltage Losses Fuel Cell Polarization Curve Summary References Heat and Mass Transfer in Fuel Cell Fluid Flow Heat Transfer in Fuel Cell Mass Transfer in Fuel Cell Diffusion Coefficient Mass Transfer Resistance in Fuel Cell Summary References Charge and Water Transport in Fuel Cell Charge Transport Solid-State Diffusion Charge Conductivity Ohmic Loss in Fuel Cell Water Transport Rate Equation Summary References Fuel Cell Characterization Characterization of Fuel Cell and Fuel Cell Components Electrochemical Characterization Techniques Characterization of Electrodes and Electrocatalysts Characterization of Membrane Electrode Assembly Characterization of Bipolar Plates Characterization of Porous Structures of Electrodes and Membranes Fuel Cell Test Facility Summary References Fuel Cell Components and Design Alkaline Fuel Cell Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Direct Methanol Fuel Cell References Fuel Cell Stack, Bipolar Plate, and Gas Flow Channel Fuel Cell Stack Design Fuel Cell Stack and Power System Water Removal and Management Cooling/Heating System for Fuel Cells Bipolar Plate Design Gas Flow Field References Simulation Model for Analysis and Design of Fuel Cell Zero-Order Fuel Cell Analysis Model One-Dimensional Fuel Cell Analysis Model One-Dimensional Water Transport Model One-Dimensional Electrochemical Model One-Dimensional Fuel Cell Thermal Analysis Model A Simplified One-Dimensional Heat Transfer Model Multi-Dimensional Model References Dynamic Simulation and Fuel Cell Control System Dynamic Simulation Model for Fuel Cell Systems Simulation of Fuel Cell–Powered Vehicle Dynamic Simulation of Integrated Fuel Cell Systems Control System References Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems Fuel Cell Subsystems Fuels and Fuel Processing Hydrogen as Energy Carrier Summary References Fuel Cell Application, Codes and Standards, and Environmental Effects Fuel Cell Applications Fuel Cell Codes and Standards Environmental Effects Summary References Nomenclature Appendices Index

Shripad T. Revankar is a professor of nuclear engineering at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and visiting professor at POSTECH, South Korea, in the Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering. He received his MSc (1977), PhD (1983) in physics from Karnataka University, India, and M.Eng. (1982) in nuclear engineering from McMaster University Canada. He has published more than 300 refereed research papers in journal and conferences, is editor-in-chief of Frontier Energy-Nuclear Energy, serves on the editorial boards of eight international journals including Heat Transfer Engineering, ASME Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, and is also an ASME Fellow and winner of several awards. Pradip Majumdar is a professor and chair of mechanical engineering, and the director of the Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois. He received his BS degree (1975) in mechanical engineering from B.E College, University of Calcutta, and MS (1980) and PhD (1986) degrees in mechanical engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. He has worked on a number of federal and industrial research projects and published over 100 refereed research papers in archival journals and conference proceedings. He serves as the editor-in-chief of the Transactions of Fluid Mechanics, International Journal.