Eyes Everywhere The Global Growth of Camera Surveillance

In many countries camera surveillance has become commonplace, and ordinary citizens and consumers are increasingly aware that they are under surveillance in everyday life. Camera surveillance is typically perceived as the archetype of contemporary surveillance technologies and processes. While there is sometimes fierce debate about their introduction, many others take the cameras for granted or even applaud their deployment. Yet what the presence of surveillance cameras actually achieves is still very much in question. International evidence shows that they have very little effect in deterring crime and in 'making people feel safer’, but they do serve to place certain groups under greater official scrutiny and to extend the reach of today’s ‘surveillance society’. Eyes Everywhere provides the first international perspective on the development of camera surveillance. It scrutinizes the quiet but massive expansion of camera surveillance around the world in recent years, focusing especially on Canada, the UK and the USA but also including less-debated but important contexts such as Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey. Containing both broad overviews and illuminating case-studies, including cameras in taxi-cabs and at mega-events such as the Olympics, the book offers a valuable oversight on the status of camera surveillance in the second decade of thetwenty-first century. The book will be fascinating reading for students and scholars of camera surveillance as well as policy makers and practitioners from the police, chambers of commerce, private security firms and privacy- and data-protection agencies.

Preface, Aaron Doyle, Randy Lippert and David Lyon 1. Introduction, Aaron Doyle, Randy Lippert and David Lyon Part1: Situating Camera Surveillance Growth 2. 'There’s no Success like Failure and Failure’s no Success at all': Some Critical Reflections on the Global Growth of Camera Surveillance, Clive Norris 3. What Goes Up, Must Come Down: On the Moribundity of Camera Networks in the UK, Gavin Smith4. Seeing Surveillantly: Surveillance as Social Practice, Jonathan Finn Part 2:International Growth of Camera Surveillance5. Cameras in Context: A Comparison of the Place of Video Surveillance in Japan and Brazil, David Murakami Wood 6. The Growth and Further Proliferation of Camera Surveillance in South Africa, Anthony Minaar 7. The Piecemeal Development of Camera Surveillance in Canada, Emily Smith Part 3: Evolving Forms and Uses of Camera Surveillance 8. The Electronic Eye of the Police: The Provincial Information and Security System in Istanbul, Alanur Çavlin Bozbeyoglu 9. Policing in the Age of Information: Automated Number Place Recognition, Patrick Derby 10. Video Surveillance in Vancouver: Legacies of the Games, Micheal Vonn and Philip Boyle 11. Selling Surveillance: The Introduction of Cameras in Ottawa Taxis, Aaron Doyle and Kevin Walby 12. Deploying Camera Surveillance Images: The Case of Crime Stoppers, Randy Lippert and Blair Wilkinson 13. Hidden Changes: From CCTV to ‘Smart’ Video Surveillance, Joseph Ferenbok and Andrew Clement Part 4:Public Support, Media Visions and the Politics of Representation 14. Anti-surveillance Activists v. The Dancing Heads of Terrorism: Signal Crimes, Media Frames, Symbolic Politics and Camera Promotion, Laura Huey 15. Surveillance Cameras and Synopticism: A Case Study in Mexico City, Nelson Arteaga Botello 16. Surveillance Culture and Appropriation: CCTV as Found in Footage in Manu Luksch's Faceless, Martin Zeilinger 17. 'What Do You Think?': International Public Opinion of Camera Surveillance, Danielle Dawson 18. Towards a Framework of Contextual Integrity: Legality, trust and compliance of CCTV Signage, Mark Lizar and Gary Potter 19. Mitigating Asymmetric Visibilities: Towards a signage code for surveillance camera networks, Andrew Clement and Joseph Ferenbok 20. Is it a ‘Search’?: The Legal Context of Camera Surveillance in Canada, Mathew Johnson 21. Privacy As Security: Surveillance Camera Signage and Informed Consent, Christopher Burt 22. Reversing the Conventional Wisdom on Video Surveillance in Canada, Robert Ellis Smith

Aaron Doyle is Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University. His research focuses on how institutions like the mass media, the criminal justice system and insurance organizations deal with risk through surveillance and other means, and the security and insecurity that results. Randy Lippert is Associate Professor of Criminology at the University of Windsor, Canada. His research interests include security, governance, and surveillance. He has published one book and many articles, most recently, ‘Advancing governmentality studies: Lessons from social constructionism’, Theoretical Criminology 14(4): 473-494 (with Kevin Stenson). David Lyon is Director of the Surveillance Studies Centre and Professor of Sociology at Queen's University. His most recent books include Identifying Citizens: ID Cards as Surveillance (Polity 2009), Playing the Identity Card (co-edited with Colin J. Bennett, Routledge, 2008) and Surveillance Studies: An Overview (Polity 2007).