Environmental Nanotechnology

Environmental nanotechnology is considered to play a key role in shaping of current environmental engineering and science practices. This book titled "Environmental Nanotechnology" covers the advanced materials, devices, and system development for use in the environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding their chemistry and characterization using techniques like X- Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution-TEM, etc is included. It also highlights the scope for their applications in environmental protection, environmental remediation and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring and assessment. Key Features: Covers basic to advanced Nano-based materials, their synthesis, development, characterization and applications and all the updated information related to environmental nanotechnology. Discusses implications of nanomaterials on the environment and applications of nanotechnology to protect the environment. Illustrates specific topics such as ethics of nanotechnology development, Nano-biotechnology, and application in wastewater technology. Includes applications of nanomaterials for combating global climate change and carbon sequestration. Gives examples of field applications of environmental nanotechnology. This book covers advanced materials, devices, and system developments for use in environmental protection. The development of nano-based materials, understanding its chemistry and characterization by the use of X-Ray diffraction, FT-IR, EDX, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high resolution-TEM give the scope for their application in environmental protection, environmental remediation, and environmental biosensors for detection, monitoring, and assessment. The green chemistry based on nano-based materials prevents pollution and controls environmental contaminants.

Environmental Nanotechnology: An Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Properties of Nanomaterial 1.3 Major applications in nanotechnology 1.4 Type of nanoparticles 1.5 Types of Engineered Nanoparticles 1.6 Properties 1.7 Nanotechnology - Environmental Applications: References 2. Chemical Synthesis of Nanomaterial 2.1 Introduction 2.2 General Method of Synthesis 2.3 Advance Synthesis Methods 2.4 Experimental procedure References Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterial 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Synthesis of Nanomaterial 3.3. Biological synthesis of nanomaterial References Natural Nanomaterial 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Natural Polymers 4.3 Natural Adsorbents 4.4 CNTs 4.5 Nano biomaterial 4.6 Nanosized Organisms 4.7 Diatoms 4.8 Nanobacterium 4.9 Nanoparticles in Soil 4.10 Clay 4.11 Clay Minerals 4.12 Organically modified clay minerals 4.13 Minerals 4.14 Nanoparticles from Volcanic Eruption 4.15 Nanoparticles from Space Reference Developments of Nano composite 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Classification of nanocomposite 5.3 Preparation of different types of nanocomposite 5.4 Nano-magnetite 5.5 Iron-carbon composite 5.6 Carbonaceous nanomaterial 5.7 Nanosorbent material 5.8 Graphene/ magnetite nanocomposite 5.9 Carbon nanotube/chitosan nanocomposite 5.10 Starch/SnO2 nanocomposite 5.11 Guar gum/Al2O3 (GG/AO) nanocomposite 5.12Alkali-activated magnesium slag-based nanostructural composite 5.13 Polyaniline zirconium (IV) silicophosphate nanocomposite 5.14 Clay/polymer nanocomposite hydrogels 5.15. PbO/SiO2 Nanocomposite 5.16 PS/Ag Nanocomposite Spheres 5.17 Polyaniline (PANI)/graphene (GN) nanocomposites 5.18 Carbon/metal nanocomposites 5.19 Bio-nanocomposite 5.20 Polylactide-Based Bionanocomposites 5.21 Fabrication of Unique Magnetic Bionanocomposite References Nano based - waste water treatment technology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Techniques for water purification 6.3 Metal based nano-adsorbents 6.4 Carbon nanotubes adsorbents 6.5 Bio-adsorbents Membrane filtration 6.7 Nanofiber membranes 6.8 Nanocomposite membranes 6.9 Nanomaterials - water treatment 6.10 Nanosorbents 6.11 Photocatalyst 6.12 Dendrimers in water treatment 6.13 Other Nanomaterials References Nano technological applications: Sustainable Energy 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Application of nanotechnology in energy sector 7.3. Nanotechnology and solar energy 7.4. Nanotechnology and wind energy 7.5 Nanotechnology and biomass energy (biofuel) 7.6 Application of Nano catalyst for biodiesel production 7.7 Nanotechnology for electric transmission References Advance Instrumentation: characterization of synthesized material 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Development aspects of analytical techniques 8.3 Characterization Techniques References Membrane filtration technology 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Membrane Filtration 9.3 Membrane bioreactor 9.4 Development of Membrane Bioreactors 9.5 Membrane performance 9.6 Interactions with membrane material 9.7 Biological activity 9.8 Membranes and membrane processes- challenges 9.9 Nanofiber membranes 9.10 Biological membranes 9.11Nano composite membranes for water/wastewater treatment 9.12 Membranes and biofilm attachment 9.13 Desalination by membrane technology (case study) Tio2- Nano Photo catalysis in the pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis Desalination 9.14 Membrane Technology for Desalination of water References Nanoparticles: Health and Environmental Risk 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Health Hazards 10.3 Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles hazard: 10.4 Toxicity of nanoparticle: 10.5 Toxicity- Health Hazards 10.6 Nanomaterial health effects 10.7 Toxicity to plants 10.8 Environmental hazards 10.9 Risk / hazard management for nanomaterial 10.10 Nanomaterial releases to the environment 10.11 Fate and transport of nanomaterial in the environment 10.12 Analysis in environmental matrices 10.13 Release to environment 10.14 Eco toxicity and analysis of nanomaterial in the aquatic environment 10.15 Effect of Nanomaterial on Critical Ecosystem 10.16 OSHA Legislation References Advance Research case studies Photo catalytic Degradation of Dyes: based on Advance Semiconducting Nanoparticles 11.1 Introduction References: Glossary

Prof M H Fulekar (MSc, MPhil, PhD. LLB, MBA, DSc.) is a Professor & Dean School of Environment and Sustainable Development, and Director-Sector 30 campus, Central University of Gujarat. He was professor and Head, University Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai. He has in his credit 250 numbers of research papers and articles published in international and national journals of repute. He is also author of 12 books published by CRC, Springer IK International etc. He has guided 15 Ph.D. and 20 MPhil students and guiding 10 PhD students in Environmental Biotechnology and Environmental Nanotechnology. He has in his credit 5 patents (filled).As a Principal Investigator, he has completed Research Project: UGC, CSIR, BRNS, DBT R&D and Industrial projects. He was awarded ILO fellowship ILO/UNDP: ILO/FINNIDA; ILO/JAPAN (1985; 1992-1993). He has achieved “Who’s Who” in Science and Engineering USA in 1998; and “Outstanding Scientist of the 20th Century” in 2000, from International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England. He is also a member of New York Academy of Sciences, USA. He is recipient of Education Leadership Award and International award for Environmental Biotechnology. Recently he has been awarded for Eminent Educationist. He has worked in various capacities in University Administration. Area of Research Interest: Environmental Science; Environmental Biotechnology: Environmental Nanotechnology. As expert, he visited Australia, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, Nepal. Dr. Bhawana Pathak is working as Associate Professor in School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat. Earlier she has worked as a Pool Officer in University Department of Life Sciences, University of Mumbai. She was awarded CSIR - Research Associateship and worked on Plant behaviour Ecology and Biodiversity conservation at GBPHIED Kosi, Katarmal Almora. She has completed her M.Sc. in Botany with Gold Medal from Kumaun University Nainital and PhD in Plant Ecology from G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Kosi –Katarmal Almora. She has 14 years of Research and teaching experience in the specialized area of Environmental Ecology, Biodiversity Conservation, Environmental Biotechnology, and Environmental Nanotechnology. 13 MPhil has been awarded under her guidance and presently she is guiding 06 PhD students. She also contributes in Development of curriculum for different courses; published research papers, scientific research articles, book chapters and books, and contributed in innovative research work in the specialized area for future policies. She has also presented scientific papers in national and International Conferences and Seminars and received the appreciation for presentation and publication. She has achieved the Excellency in Ecology, Biodiversity conservation and Environmental Biotechnology. She is a recipient of Bharat Gaurav Award and Outstanding Faculty award in Bio Science & Technology. Her biographical note is also published in Asia pacific - learned India: Educationist who is who. Presently she is focusing on Transferring the Lab Technology to the Land -as a major task.