I. Introduction and Background 1. Effective Treatments for PTSD: Guiding Current Practice and Future Innovation, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner 2. Trauma and PTSD: Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Clinical Presentation in Adults, Kristina J. Korte, Tammy Jiang, Karestan C. Koenen, & Jaimie Gradus 3. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Developmental Considerations in Children and Adolescents, Eva Alisic, Rowena Conroy, & Siri Thoresen 4. Diagnosis, Assessment, and Screening for PTSD and Complex PTSD in Adults, Jonathan I. Bisson, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, & Andreas Maercker 5. Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents, Lucy Berliner, Richard Meiser-Stedman, & Andrea Danese 6. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Methodology, Jonathan I. Bisson, Catrin Lewis, & Neil Roberts 7. ISTSS PTSD Prevention and Treatment Guidelines: Recommendations, Jonathan I. Bisson, Lucy Berliner, Marylene Cloitre, David Forbes, Tine Jensen, Catrin Lewis, Candice M. Monson, Miranda Olff, Stephen Pilling, David Riggs, Neil Roberts, & Francine Shapiro II. Early Intervention in Adults 8. Early Intervention for Trauma-Related Psychopathology, Meaghan L. ODonnell, Belinda J. Pacella, Richard A. Bryant, Miranda Olff, & David Forbes 9. Early Pharmacological Intervention Following Exposure to Traumatic Events, Jonathan I. Bisson, Laurence Astill Wright, & Marit Sijbrandij III. Early Intervention in Children and Adolescents 10. Preventative and Early Interventions, Justin Kenardy, Nancy Kassam-Adams, & Grete Dyb IV. Treatments for Adults 11. Psychological Treatments: Core and Common Elements of Effectiveness, Miranda Olff, Candice M. Monson, David Riggs, Christopher W. Lee, Anke Ehlers, & David Forbes 12. Prolonged Exposure, David S. Riggs, Larissa Tate, Kelly Chrestman, & Edna B. Foa 13. Cognitive Processing Therapy, Kathleen M. Chard, Debra L. Kaysen, Tara E. Galovski, Reginald D. V. Nixon, & Candice M. Monson 14. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, Francine Shapiro, Mark C. Russell, Christopher W. Lee, & Sarah J. Schubert 15. Cognitive Therapy, Anke Ehlers 16. Pharmacological and Other Biological Treatments, Jonathan I. Bisson, Mathew Hoskins, & Dan J. Stein 17. Combined Psychotherapy and Medication Treatment, Mark Burton, Jessica Maples-Keller, Mathew Hoskins, Yilang Tang, Katarzyna Wyka, JoAnn Difede, & Barbara O. Rothbaum 18. E-Mental Health, Catrin Lewis & Miranda Olff 19. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Interventions, Ariel Lang & Barbara Niles 20. Treatment of Complex PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Thanos Karatzias, & Julian Ford V. Treatments for Children and Adolescents 21. Treatment of PTSD and Complex PTSD, Tine Jensen, Judy Cohen, Lisa Jaycox, & Rita Rosner VI. Application, Implementation, and Future Directions 22. Treatment Considerations for PTSD Comorbidities, Neil P. Roberts, Sudie E. Back, Kim Mueser, & Laura K. Murray 23. Building a Science of Personalized Interventions for PTSD, Marylene Cloitre, Zachary Cohen, & Ulrich Schnyder 24. Training and Implementation of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for PTSD, David S. Riggs, Maegan M. Paxton, Sybil Mallonee, Craig Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, & Shannon Dorsey 25. A Health Economics View, Ifigeneia Mavranezouli & Cathy Mihalopoulos 26. The Future of Traumatic Stress Treatments: Time to Grasp the Opportunity, David Forbes, Jonathan I. Bisson, Candice M. Monson, & Lucy Berliner