Design and Safety Assessment of Critical Systems

With safety-critical systems becoming more complex, this book highlights how to improve these systems to reduce the risk of harmful effects to people and the environment. Design and Safety Assessment of Critical Systems provides an introduction to the area of design and verification of safety critical systems, with a focus on safety assessment. Issues related to design, development, and safety assessment of critical systems follow a detailed introduction of fundamental concepts. The core of the book covers some of the most well-known notations, techniques, and procedures, and also includes many in-depth examples that offer perspective from a variety of industrial sectors.

Safety-critical systems, by definition those systems whose failure can cause catastrophic results for people, the environment, and the economy, are becoming increasingly complex both in their functionality and their interactions with the environment. Unfortunately, safety assessments are still largely done manually, a time-consuming and error-prone process. The growing complexity of these systems requires an increase in the skill and efficacy of safety engineers and encourages the adoption of formal and standardized techniques. An introduction to the area of design and verification of safety-critical systems, Design and Safety Assessment of Critical Systems focuses on safety assessment using formal methods. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of safety and reliability, it illustrates the pivotal issues of design, development, and safety assessment of critical systems. The core of the book covers traditional notations, techniques, and procedures, including Fault Tree Analysis, FMECA, HAZOP, and Event Tree Analysis, and explains in detail how formal methods can be used to realize such procedures. It looks at the development process of safety-critical systems, and highlights influential management and organizational aspects. Finally, it describes verification and validation techniques and new trends in formal methods for safety and concludes with some widely adopted standards for the certification of safety-critical systems. Providing an in-depth and hands-on view of the application of formal techniques to advanced and critical safety assessments in a variety of industrial sectors, such as transportation, avionics and aerospace, and nuclear power, Design and Safety Assessment of Critical Systems allows anyone with a basic background in mathematics or computer science to move confidently into this advanced arena of safety assessment.

Introduction Complex Safety-Critical Systems Dealing with Failures: A Short History of Safety Engineering The Role of Formal Methods A Case Study: Three Mile Island References Dependability, Reliability, and Safety Assessment Concepts Classification of FaultsFault Models Managing FaultsFault DetectionFault PredictionFault ToleranceFault Coverage Reliability ModelingSystem Reliability Techniques for Safety Assessment Hazard AnalysisRisk Analysis Risk Measures Development of Safety-Critical Applications What Makes a System Complex What Makes the Development ComplexMeasuring the Impact of Complexity From System to ProcessA General Development FrameworkDevelopment WorkflowTesting WorkflowSafety Assessment WorkflowCertification Management WorkflowProject Management WorkflowTool SupportImproving the Process: Maturity Models Formal Methods for Safety Assessment Advantages of Formal Methods Formal Methods in the Development Process Problems and LimitationsHistory of Formal MethodsFormal Models and SpecificationFormal Methods for Verification and ValidationFormal Safety AnalysisIndustrial Applications of Formal MethodsConclusions and Future Directions Formal Methods for Certification Certification of Avionic SystemsSo Many Standards, So Little TimeThe ECSS System of Standards Avionics Reference Standards ARP 4754ARP 4761 DO-178BThe Case for the Safety Case Formal Methods and Certification References Appendices:The NuSMV Model CheckerThe FSAP Safety Analysis PlatformSome Regulatory Bodies and RegulationsIndex

Marco Bozzano is a senior researcher in the Embedded Systems Unit of Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy. He has strong expertise in the application of formal methods, and he has published a number of papers in the area of formal verification of safety critical systems. Adolfo Villafiorita is a senior researcher at Fondazione Bruno Kessler. He has many years of experience in the application of formal methods in technology transfer projects and in the development of security and safety-critical applications. He is a contract professor at the University of Trento.