Auditor Going Concern Reporting A Review of Global Research and Future Research Opportunities

Auditor reporting on going-concern-related uncertainties remains one of the most challenging issues faced by external auditors. Business owners, market participants and audit regulators want an early warning of impending business failure. However, companies typically do not welcome audit opinions indicating uncertainty regarding their future viability. Thus, the auditor’s decision to issue a "going concern opinion" (GCO) is a complex and multi-layered one, facing a great deal of tension. Given such a rich context, academic researchers have examined many facets related to an auditor’s decision to issue a GCO. This monograph reviews and synthesizes 182 recent GCO studies that have appeared since the last significant review published in 2013 through the end of 2019. The authors categorize studies into the three broad areas of GCO: (1) determinants, (2) accuracy and (3) consequences. As an integral part of their synthesis, they summarize the details of each study in several user-friendly tables. After discussing and synthesizing the research, they present a discussion of opportunities for future research, including issues created or exacerbated as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This monograph will be of assistance to researchers interested in exploring this area of auditor responsibility. It will also be of interest to auditing firms and individual practitioners wanting to learn what academic research has examined and found regarding this challenging aspect of audit practice. Auditing standard-setters and regulators will find it of interest as the authors review numerous studies examining issues related to audit policy and regulation, and their effects on GCO decisions. The examination of GCO research is extremely timely given the financial and business disruption caused by the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented global event has caused companies, auditors and professional bodies to revisit and reassess their approach to going concern, and to think even more deeply about this fundamental business imperative.

List of Figures, Tables and Appendix Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations About the Authors PART I CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Overview PART II CHAPTER 2 Determinants of GCOs: Client Characteristics CHAPTER 3 Determinants of GCOs: Auditor Characteristics CHAPTER 4 Determinants of GCOs: Auditor-Client Relationship Characteristics CHAPTER 5 Determinants of GCOs: Environmental Factors CHAPTER 6 Accuracy of GCOs CHAPTER 7 Consequences of GCOs PART III CHAPTER 8 Opportunities for Future Research CHAPTER 9 Research Issues Related to COVID-19 PART IV CHAPTER 10 Concluding Remarks APPENDIX 1.1 List of Journals Searched Index

Marshall A. Geiger is the CSX Chair in Management and Accounting and Professor of Accounting at the University of Richmond. Anna Gold is Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), adjunct professor at NHH and Editor at The Accounting Review. Philip Wallage is Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) and at the Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA).