Handbook of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

TRAMA

Since the introduction of the first commercial inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments in 1983, the technique has gained rapid and wide acceptance in many analytical laboratories. There are now well over 400 instruments installed worldwide, which are being used in a range of disciplines for the analysis of geological, environmental, water, medical, biological, metallurgical, nuclear and industrial samples. Experience oflCP-MS in many laboratories is limited, and there is therefore a need for a handbook containing practical advice in addition to fundamental informa­ tion. Such a handbook would be useful not only to users new to the technique, but also to users with some experience who wish to expand their knowledge of the subject. Therefore we have written this book for users in a variety of fields with differing levels of experience and expertise. The first two chapters provide a brief history of ICP-MS and discussions of design concepts, ICP physical processes, and fundamental principles of instrument operation. Armed with this background knowledge, users will be better equipped to evaluate advantages and limitations of the technique. Detailed descriptions and information for instrumental components are provided in chapter 3. Subsequent chapters deal with the practical aspects of sample analysis by ICP-MS. Whether samples are to be analysed in liquid, solid ·or gaseous form is always an important consideration, and there is a wide choice of sample introduction techniques.

SOMMARIO

1 Origins and development.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2 The ICP-MS system.- 2 Instrumentation for ICP-MS.- 2.1 The inductively coupled plasma.- 2.2 Ion extraction.- 2.3 Ion focusing.- 2.4 Quadrupole mass spectrometers.- 2.5 Other mass spectrometers.- 2.6 Ion detection.- 2.7 Vacuum considerations.- 3 Instrument options.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Nebulisers.- 3.3 Spray chambers.- 3.4 Torches.- 3.5 Interface.- 4 Sample introduction for liquids and gases.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Electrothermal vaporisation.- 4.3 Vapour generation and gas phase sample introduction.- 4.4 Liquid chromatography.- 4.5 Flow injection.- 4.6 Direct sample insertion.- 5 Interferences.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Spectroscopic interferences.- 5.3 Non-spectroscopic interferences.- 6 Calibration and data handling.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 General concepts.- 6.3 Instrumental modes of data collection.- 6.4 Linearity of response.- 6.5 Blanks.- 6.6 Factors affecting signal stability.- 6.7 Qualitative analysis.- 6.8 Semi-quantitative calibration.- 6.9 Quantitative analysis.- 7 Sample preparation for ICP-MS.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 General considerations.- 7.3 Digestion procedures.- 7.4 Separation and pre-concentration methods.- 7.5 Conclusions and overview.- 8 Elemental analysis of solutions and applications.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Multi-element determinations.- 8.3 Geological applications.- 8.4 Environmental applications.- 8.5 Nuclear applications.- 8.6 Industrial applications.- 8.7 Biological applications.- 8.8 Summary.- 9 The analysis of natural waters by ICP-MS.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Water sampling procedures for ICP-MS.- 9.3 Direct water analysis by ICP-MS.- 9.4 Water analysis with chemical separation and/or pre-concentration.- 9.5 Calibration strategies.- 10 Analysis of solid samples.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Slurry nebulisation.- 10.3 Laser ablation.- 10.4 Direct sample insertion.- 10.5 Powdered solids.- 10.6 Arc nebulisation.- 11 Isotope ratio measurement.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Instrument performance.- 11.3 Applications and methods of isotope analysis.- Appendices.- Appendix 1 Originators of reference material cited in the text.- Appendix 2 Naturally-occurring isotopes—useful data.- Appendix 3 Glossary.- References.

ALTRE INFORMAZIONI

• Condizione: Nuovo
• ISBN: 9789401053556
• Dimensioni: 229 x 152 mm
• Formato: Brossura
• Illustration Notes: XI, 380 p.
• Pagine Arabe: 380
• Pagine Romane: xi