Ethics and Existence

NOTE EDITORE

Derek Parfit, who died in 2017, is widely believed to have been the best moral philosopher in well over a century. The twenty new essays in this book were written in his honour and have all been inspired by his work--in particular, his work in an area of moral philosophy known as 'population ethics', which is concerned with moral issues raised by causing people to exist. Until Parfit began writing about these issues in the 1970s, there was almost no discussion of them in the entire history of philosophy. But his monumental book Reasons and Persons (OUP, 1984) revealed that population ethics abounds in deep and intractable problems and paradoxes that not only challenge all the major moral theories but also threaten to undermine many important common-sense moral beliefs. It is no exaggeration to say that there is a broad range of practical moral issues that cannot be adequately understood until fundamental problems in population ethics are resolved. These issues include abortion, prenatal injury, preconception and prenatal screening for disability, genetic enhancement and eugenics generally, meat eating, climate change, reparations for historical injustice, the threat of human extinction, and even proportionality in war. Although the essays in this book address foundational problems in population ethics that were discovered and first discussed by Parfit, they are not, for the most part, commentaries on his work but instead build on that work in advancing our understanding of the problems themselves. The contributors include many of the most important and influential writers in this burgeoning area of philosophy.

SOMMARIO

1 - The Asymmetry2 - The Value and Probabilities of Existence3 - Comparing Existence and Non-existence4 - The Impure Non-Identity Problem5 - Abortion and the Non-Identity Problem6 - A Partial Solution to the Non-Identity Problem: Regretting One was Born and Having a Life not Subjectively Worth Living7 - Population Ethics Forty Years On: Some Lessons Learned from Box Ethics8 - Totalism without Repugnance9 - Context-dependent Betterness and the Mere Addition Paradox10 - Saving Posterity from a Worse Fate11 - Against Large Number Scepticism12 - Are We Living at the Hinge of History?13 - On Theory X and What Matters Most14 - How to Avoid the Repugnant Conclusion15 - Can Parfit's Appeal to Incommensurabilities Block the Continuum Argument for the Repugnant Conclusion?16 - Population Ethics and Conflict of Value Imprecision17 - Evaluative Imprecision, Scales of Value, and Vague Preference18 - Sorites on What Matters19 - Prioritarianism, Population Ethics, and Competing Claims20 - Quarantining Prioritarianism

AUTORE

Jeff McMahan is White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford. He is the author of The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life (OUP, 2002) and Killing in War (OUP, 2009). Tim Campbell is a researcher at the Institute for Future Studies at the University of Stockholm. James Goodrich is a PhD student in philosophy at Rutgers and Stockholm University, working on moral and political philosophy. Ketan Ramakrishnan is a JD candidate at Yale Law School and a DPhil candidate in philosophy at the University of Oxford.

ALTRE INFORMAZIONI

• Condizione: Nuovo
• ISBN: 9780192894250
• Dimensioni: 240 x 40.0 x 163 mm Ø 1024 gr
• Formato: Copertina rigida
• Pagine Arabe: 590